Cyber Attacks on Financial and Energy Sector Thesis

Cyber Attacks on pecuniary and Energy Sector - Thesis ExampleAs it is with most cases the views on the risks of cyber attacks, both perceived and real, sidetrack between two groups of expert opinions. While some experts opine that cyber attacks are not only undeniable but imminent and could bring all sectors of the US economy to a standstill, others say that the threat of cyber risks contain been blown out of proportion, as critical structures of the country are well protected. According to Richard Clarke (White House net profit advisor till 2003), as quoted in the Washington Monthly, 2002, companies know that they will lose a sealed amount of revenue from cyber attack and since cyber attack is not considered to be an important threat, the amount spent on cyber security is even less than the amount spend on coffee in the office.Financial institutions, which not only include banks and other depositories but also investment companies, insurers, security dealers, etc, comprise the critical fiscal sector of the US economy. As more and more of the financial sector is getting dependent on information technology, the risk of cyber attacks has become very real. In the Presidents Commission on comminuted Infrastructure Protection of 1996 and 1997, analysts clearly predicted the growing risk that the financial sector would be facing cod to systems vulnerability. Almost every sector today works with data that is on the system rather than universe physically on paper. This has not only increased the vulnerability of the sector but also do it more system-dependent.Cyber attacks are taking various forms such as theft of credit cards, misuse of close information, and stealing of intellectual property the estimated costs by way of financial loss was found to be approximately USD 200 billion in 2004. The Computer Emergency Readiness Team (CERT) reported 80,000 cases of cyber attacks on the financial, defense, aerospace and computing industries, among others, in March 2007.Here is an example to

Risk analysis HW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk analysis HW - Assignment manakinData complexity-unstructured data ar wicked to handle and is triggered mostly by the various ship canal of generating data such as images and videos. From various sources such as tablet or smartphones and that they are hard to process because they are unstructured (Charles, 2011).Storage and publishing- the storage o large amounts of data lead large storage capacity and large storage distribution system which supports the given network employ in the data analysis, storage and transfer (Charles, 2011).2) a generally applicable analysis framework with confiscate new technique innovations, which can carry out system level risk analysis invoice for data incompleteness and heterogeneity, regardless the system logic structure.The system lead be quite effectual if the various components are protected from moisture and dust so that they do knock during the operations of the system. They should as well be cleaned regularly using the recommended wi pe so that they do not get moisturized. diverse soft wares should be installed into the system Justas the framework highlights so that the data processing is speeded up and there should be a lot of interlinking the departments in an organization. In this, there is need to have intranet and internet connectivity indoors an organization with a lot of e-filing being done for quick retrieval and safety storage. The installed software will make complex operations to seem lighter and they will be efficient. The staff that should be in operation should possess the desired skills and knowledge on computerization and technology so that the data are not mishandled due to

Review of 1970s Art Through the Works of Valerie Jaudon Essay

Review of 1970s Art Through the Works of Valerie Jaudon - Essay ExampleThis cover will examine the trifles of Valerie Jaudon from the 1970s and what his influence was on that particular time period. Avalon This first work which will be looked at is called Avalon. Avalon was created in 1976 with vegetable oil color and aluminum on a canvas that is 76 unlesstes by 108 inches. This works uses a pattern which has black shapes outlined in white. This simplification of colors brings nearly a correspondence to the works that leans towards darkness in the hue with bright spots illuminating the shapes in the pattern of angles, waves, circles, and rectangles. The waves make it look as though they continue doneout the landscape of the create. The cunning of this characterisation is well done, where you cannot see the aluminum on the paper but how it is used to hold the pigment of the oil onto the canvas. Also, the contrast amidst the colors allows us to see how the patterns used go es in and out of each otherwise and how they overlap, as well. His economy is well done, just using the basic colors and shapes with a focal crown right in the middle of the painting where two diagonal shapes meet. The gestalt of the work is how the pattern gives it depth kind of seeming to be just individual shapes and colors. The grid on this painting allows the artist to keep his shapes as spaced from one side to some other. The implied lies argon the ones that allow the Jaudon to show his shapes and patterns boilersuit. Everything within the design of his painting Avalon are completely in portion form the radial balance going outward from the circles within the painting to the rhythm of the set which gives a nice even flow from side to side. Furthermore, there are some shapes within the painting that are similar to one another but not identically the analogous on this very symmetrically balanced piece. There is probably some overall texture to this painting, it is an oil painting after all, but the visual texture reminds me of a very well planned wicker type design to the piece which brings a unity and harmony to the piece. Minter City A yr later, she created a square piece on a 72 inch by 72 inch piece of canvas using oil and metallic pigment called Minter City. From first look at this painting with its burnt sienna hue, one can see that there is a definite radial balance within the symmetrical piece. The balance in this piece is easily seen as the design seems to hold a continuation of the selfsame(prenominal) elements throughout the piece. Furthermore, the continuity of Minter City goes from the central focal point to the edges, but there is more continuity which comes from the four corners of the work and diagonally meets in the center of the piece. The exacting craftsmanship is shown in Jaudons piece as she shows us how meticulously laid out the abstract design. Furthermore, the gestalt of the piece shows an exacting unity amongst the flow of the rhythm and the basic economy of the design, which shows a minimalist approach to the overall value of the non-objective design. Mound Bayou This painting by Valerie Jaudon is the same size as Minter City and created with the same basic materials. However, that is where the similarities end between the two pieces. Mound Bayou definitely has a focal point in the middle of the painting. But, this painting seems to have a couple of rather complex rhythms running through the piece. not only is there a radially balanced rhythm to the piece but there is another rhythm with the underlying crisscrossing diagonal lines, along with the interlocking chain of circles which seem to go right through the middle of the piece. You can easily see the continuation created by the various shapes throughout the piece. And the contrast between the sharp edges of the diagonal lines and the soft lines of the rounded shapes gives

Summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Summery - Essay ExampleThe second chapter drumhead dwells on the pattern of diverseness which primarily focuses on the aspect of differences that exist among heap living in a similar group or location. From my own understanding, diversity is concerned about the aspect of co-existence among heap from different groups. That it is, living together in harmony among muckle from diverse places. For instance, the US is a multicultural country and is comprised of people from diverse backgrounds. Measures have been put in order to accommodate the needs and interests of people from different backgrounds.Chapter three looks at the concepts of melt pot and multiculturalism. From this perspective, I have gathered that the concept of melting pot refers to the process where people from different backgrounds converge and establish a new society. For instance, America is comprised of people who came from different places who became united to build this powerful nation. On the some other hand, I have observed that the concept of multiculturalism refers to the aspect of acknowledging other peoples values and believes such that people from different backgrounds come to regard them and adopt some of them in their own lives.Chapter four focuses on how people react to the concept of diversity. more(prenominal) often, people tend to look down upon other people from other cultures or they can more often than not refer to them as inferior without the facts to prove their assertions towards individuals from different cultures. Intolerance of people from different cultural backgrounds is precise common among other people who do not want to accept the cultural values of other people. Indeed, it is a fact that we hail from different cultural backgrounds and we must accept this hard fact that does not change. This will help us to tolerate each other.Chapter six focuses on the challenges and benefits of diversity. The main challenge of diversity is related to the aspect of discrim ination of the other group by another.

Private and public management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Private and public charge - Essay ExampleHowever, public management involves managing critical infrastructure which directly disturbs quality of public life. In fact, in many cases, huge government spending on public management, relying on the estimates given by public managers leads to create interest conflicts and violets ethical guidelines to a great magnitude (Boyne 97-122). Private management refers to a situation where responsibilities are delegated to some private organizations to manage and control certain areas of services such as schools and hospitals. In this paper, the operational efficiencies created by private and public management will be analyzed. To understand the surmise better, the functioning of the publicly funded health care system, National wellness Service (NHS), will be evaluated in the light of management differences in public and private sector.As mentioned earlier, National Health Service is a publicly funded health care unit based in the countries of co upled Kingdom. The healthcare system is generally funded through the tax collected by the nation centrally. National Health Service is aimed at providing good array of healthcare services among which most of the services are not chargeable for the legal residents of the United Kingdom. The services of NHS are categorized under quatern discrete systems such as National Health Service (England), Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland, NHS Scotland and NHS Wales. These four systems are generally contrasting and independent of each other in terms of management, regulations and political accountability. However, the basic functions are performed on a regular basis, as regulated by the UK Department of Health. Healthcare services provided through all these four segments are denominated under the NHS only the unit provides services in England, is officially called National Health Service. Nevertheless, no

Compensation Plan Outline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Compensation Plan Outline - Assignment ExampleThus, in return, the party developed a strategic allowance and remuneration plan, in which the company seeks to compensate its workers accordingly for the services delivered (Aguinis, 2009). Safaricom entails a strategic compensation approach towards its employees, translating into high motivation and employee retention rates.The current compensation plan entails a pragmatic approach in which the company focuses on the features of the qualification of employees accordingly in facilitating their salaries and related benefits. The company focuses on the areas of the skills of the employees and their individual contribution to the accomplishments of the company in rewarding the efforts thereof of the employees. In practical definition, the company rewards and allocates the compensation based on the current market situation and the service the workers deliver to the company operations (Aguinis, 2009). Further, the company also entails remar kably incredible platform of offering incentives to its workers, to foster the employee motivation accordingly. The company has incentives such as promotional offers to the employees for goods and services from the company as rewards for the services they deliver to the company.Further, the company also offers credible salaries to the employees, as exemplified by the recent reports in which the company released its statistics, regarding their employee remuneration expenditure, as the report indicates. The company spend intimately Kenyan shillings 8.4 gazillion on salaries and benefits to its employees, in the year that finished in March 2013 (The Vodacom Group, 2014). Of this budget, more than 5.1 billion shillings went to wages and salaries while about 95 million shillings went to the allocation for employee grants option plan. The directors of the company got about 387.7 million in remuneration, which is higher than the previous allocation, while the rest was for the other staf f. Similarly, the company,

Organizational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Organizational Behaviour - Essay typePractitioners be fast recognizing the benefits that could be reaped in by concentrating on fundamentals of employee competitiveness. In the meanwhile, challenges that are pass judgment to be confronted in this journey make the topic of employee engagement interesting and worth analyzing. Meaning of employee engagement Engagement in layman hurt means attached or associated with. Translating it to employee perspective, employee engagement refers to situation where employees are both physically and mentally linked to their jobs (Pati and Kumar 2010, 126). Engagement in job is measured in terms of motivation level, creativity, volunteerism, enthusiasm, absenteeism, customer satisfaction, retention and inspiration (Centaur Communication 2007, 40). Unlike unengaged employees, engaged employees are sacred to their rick and put in their best efforts into the tasks because they love their job. They feel happy and satisfied of their activities, accom plishments and efforts and are invariably striving to better their performance. An important component in employee engagement is the emotional connection between the employee and the work. In employee engagement, employees always feel attracted towards their work. Success delights them while failure encourages them. Not only prison term, employee engagement is characterized by optic and mind involvement by employees (Seijts and Crim 2006, 3). Managerial benefits associated with employee engagement The reason employee engagement is being emphasized upon by business and managerial community so aggressively lies in multifarious advantages accrued by this champion ideology. Though employee engagement is a concept pointed towards individual behavioral patterns, implications of changes in this individual pattern prolong explicitly reflected in terms of organizational performance, profitability and harvestingivity. Typically, employees are made aware of their job duties, roles and re sponsibilities the time they are inducted in the organization. However, clarity of function is one aspect achieved by engagement of employee in his/her work which implies above and beyond involvement of employees in their black and white job roles. Nowadays, business and markets are marked by fast paced technology, cut throat competition and urge to be innovative in product and service offerings. In this light, the onus of transforming inputs into outputs with limited tangibles rest on employees. Cost effectiveness and efficiency theme the most now where making optimum use of productivity from employees forms the cornerstone to success. In this light, unanticipated and moral force business environment pose multiple challenges in front of employees to cope up with decision making, maintaining fealty and motivation levels and be clear of the changing and broadened roles and responsibilities. Employee engagement serves as a tool which infuses interest, understanding and uniformity in employee functioning which facilitates aligning individual goals with that of the corporate objectives (Masson et al. 2008, 56). Optimism is a direct benefit derived from employee engagement which refers to maintaining a positive mind set and feeling good about the processes and outcomes of unforeseen events. Optimism as a psychological term is very crucial for an individual, group or organization. Individually, optimism

The Cold War (US History) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Cold warfare (US History) - Assignment ExampleTherefore, U.S involvement in the Korean War was an indirect message to the Soviets that America would not allow the spread of communism in around the world.(2) TRUMAN-When he left office on January 20, 1953, kick up Trumans popularity rating stood at just 22%. In the decades since his presidentship he has risen to between 6-8 in most historians rankings. What was it about his presidency that ca employ this revaluation of him?President Harry S. Trumans is more popular today because he is credited dropping two atomic bombs in Japan that ended World War II. Trumans strong support of the Marshall plan for rebuild Europe, the creation of the get together Nations, the containment of communism, the founding of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO and the creation of the State of Israel overly helped his popularity.(3) NATIONAL SECURITY-Was there any way to insure national security against the commie threat than the methods used during the late 1940s and 1950s (sometimes called, collectively, McCarthyism)? Explain,With the benefit of hindsight, the containment policy of the U.S was the best option to confronting the spread of communism. The eventual succeeder of American cold war policy supports this assertion. Although, it is possible the U.S could have achieved success with more diplomatic overtures towards communist regimes like the Soviet Union and China. There is little proof that this method would have been more strong however.McPhee I. (2008). Harry Trumans First Term The Rising Popularity of One of Americas Great President. Retrieved from http//americanhistory.suite101.com/article.cfm/harry_trumans_first_termixzz0DjFR0hJc&BThe National Archives. Teaching With Documents The United States Enters the Korean Conflict. Online. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, MD 20740-6001. Retrieved from

What is the Electoral College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is the Electoral College - Essay physical exerciseThis paper illustrates that the Electoral College attempts to propose and elect districts representatives, states governors and the President and vice president of the United States of America. The Electoral College comprises of 538 electors selected from severally over the states of the US. The number of electors in each state always coincides with the number of the district representatives and the two senators usually representing a state. The Electoral College was established with the sole aim of neutralizing the conflicts of interest among various states fighting to forward their crabbed candidate for the presidential position. The Electoral College was also established to facilitate the election of preferred candidates at each state level in order to avert .cases of corruption, bribery, and foreign influence. The Electoral College was also set to comprehend issues of imbalance between the legislative and executive fede ral branches of federal political sciences by prohibiting Congress and employees of the federal government from voting. Furthermore, the Electoral College was designated to prevent citizens from electing sons of their regions by commissioning voting for two presidential candidates one of whom is from another state. It is charge acknowledging the hearty roles played by the Electoral Colleges in the election system of the US since its formation. One of the significant roles played by the Electoral College involves a contribution to the reconciliation and cohesiveness the by advocating and backing for a popularly elected candidate.

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 10

Questions - Essay ExampleEconomics on the other hand views sustainability in relation to regard as because Economics fundamentally examines the relationships between ends and scarce centre. Hence, the scope of Economics covers the ability to maintain a monetary worth of the products and services over a period of time when they ar demanded and needed by constituents of the monastic order and the community. This has to do with elements and aspects of behavioural matters and behavioural techniques that are used by the various constituents as a means of examining and evaluating various variables to identify the way people seek to maximise their ends in relation to the resources available at every point in time. Hence, the position taken by Economics is one that utilises aspects of the demythologized mankind being and how s/he seeks to maximise returns of a given stock of resources as opposed to the infixed science approach which uses scientific methods to estimate the stock of na tural resources without the inclusion of human sentiments and human expectations.neoclassical Economics is about the use of various aspects of rationality to attain maximum returns from a given aim of resources. Thus, the neo-classical Economists argue that the rational consumer must seek to attain the most from a given level of inputs whilst the rational producer also produces the highest volume of products with a given volume of stocks. Thus, in viewing this, neo-classical Economics are meant to provide a framework within which people leave alone gain the most from what they utilise or seek to use. Thus, the two concepts and the two ideas are synthesised to suggest that neo-classical economics seeks to support a position where the smart set work to attain the most from the environment.Social and Ecological complexity on the other hand asserts that in that location must be some degree of sensitivity to the consumption of natural resources and in utilising aspects of the natural environment. Hence, the consumer will have to ensure that he

ARGUMENTATIVE, COMPARE AND CONTRAST Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ARGUMENTATIVE, COMPARE AND CONTRAST - Essay practice sessionThe article is well written and presents its argument in a logical manner. First, befoul (2008) presents the idea brought in front by John McCardell Jnr. that the boozing jump on should be lowered after several conditions have been met. He also presents McCardell argument that restricting alcohol to those below 18 classs old raises its appeal thereby encouraging binge alcoholism. After presenting these views, Cloud (2008) begins his arguments using statistics. He notes that data provided shows that there has been no major(ip) shift in binge drinking since the age restrictions were put in place. He argues that binge drinking has in fact dropped from 40.7% in 1984 to 38.1% in 2006. In response to McCardells argument of unsupervised drinking, Cloud (2008) notes that even if the drinking age was to be lowered, there would be no one to supervise the 18-21 year olds. His final argument is that while lowering the drinking age may end infantilizing of college students, it may outgrowth deaths on highways. According to data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, traffic fatalities and accidents connected with drinking have improved considerably since the restrictions were put in place.Sunders (2008) holds a different view and believes that college students between the ages of 18 and 21 are mature enough to drink. She also looks at McCardells argument that the drinking age should be lowered and that Washington should open the debate to look at amending the stripped-down drinking age. Her master(prenominal) argument is that the law is null and void since most people do not believe that the token(prenominal) drinking age works. Her arguments are also based on statistics and she argues that half of those between 18 and 21 year old have consumed alcohol despite the prohibitions placed by the law. She presents an argument forwarded by MADD that the minimum drinking age saves lives through the reduction of traffic accidents. She also notes that this fact has been supported by

Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

clause Analysis - Essay Examplerategic choice because it launches innovative wellness accusation products, and that the strategy is implemented by building synergies with existing systems and providing space for adapting new ones. In addition, the basic meaning of the article is that orchard apple tree is warm to lead in the production of innovative health care products that both prevent and coiffure diseases. The article, moreover, allow for help me succeed in class and my employment because it inspires me to also find new innovations where I merchant ship use my strengths as distinct advantages.First, the article has the elements of strategic analysis, strategic choice, and strategic implementation (Kew and Stredwick 205). Apple has a vision of being a leader of innovative products that send packing change industries for the better (Hull). The Apple pull in represents Apples vision as it enters an industry that it is new to it too. This is similar to Nintendos Wii that beca me a health care product when it promoted physical activity that has entertainment and social value. Apple Watch is an innovation that flowerpot help Apple become a more familiar brand in the health care sector. Moreover, Apple shows that its strategic choice is about innovation. It is not afraid of promoting change, as its watch combines prevention and disease management (Tozzi). Furthermore, the strategic implementation of Apple is to start with a product that is already based on linking existing systems. For instance, Tozzi says HealthKit will plug into electronic health records from Epic and other providers, enabling smoother communication between doctors and patients. Apple Watch shows that the strategic choice is about improving how systems can work together, and how it can offer something new now and in the future.Apart from these elements of strategic management, the article has the basic meaning that Apple is ready to lead in the production of innovative health care produ cts that both prevent and manage diseases. Apple Watch can help people

Sustainable Management Futures. Corporate Social Responsibility Assignment

Sustainable Management Futures. Corporate hearty Responsibility - Assignment ExampleEven though, they acknowledge its efficiency, they still claim that give up enterprise is inherently exploitive or unfair. Although opponents agree that free commercialize is productive, they still argue that it produces the wrong commodities. For instance, they argue that free commercialize produces too much of the luxury goods at the expense of public goods. The opposition to free market is not much of economic considerations as moral. For example, profit comes from the workers, but the workers are precisely entitled to a small pay. The profit rightfully belongs to workers but end up being denied the right. Although production from the free market can be efficient, the commodities produced do not fit what people desire. The inequalities resulting from the free market depict wrong moral standards. Individuals gain wealth unequally favouring inequality in the distribution of resources, which is morally wrong (Schumpeter, 1994 pp 68). It is in the free market that individuals dictate what people should consume and what they should earn. These considerations represent a moral consideration. These considerations are base on values and goals rather than the real working of an economy. Moral equality supports that no individual should be superior to the other and, therefore, no one can impose his value, desire, and belief on another. Since each mortal has his to follow his discretion in what he decides to produce or sell, there is no coercion. When there is no coercion, there is no moral wrong hence, since free market is free from coercion, the market is then ethical. It is only in the free-market that commodities and services are worth what individuals believe they are worth. This makes individuals be willing to pay for a charge that they feel is worth the value of the commodity or service. Moral equality in a free market is emphasized by the equal right of all individuals b eing free to go without coercion. Involvement of government in a free economy is unnecessary and wrong ethically. When governments are regard in a market economy, there is coercion to doing certain things. For example, people are coerced to pay taxes to flummox inefficient bureaucracies. These violate the rights of individuals. People, who oppose free market and prefer power of government in making things done, impose their views on others, which indicate moral superiority on others. A free economy depicts a free society, where every soulfulness can live as per his own values and principles. Since people necessity to be free without being coerced to act, free market exists as the only market practicing ethics. Capitalism represents a system of interaction, which utilizes money as the medium of exchanging commodities and services (Nelson, 2010 pp 16). The system evolved from barter trade, where individuals traded items in terms of value. on the nose like a free market, there is no coercion in the trading of products and services. Each person has the discretion of producing or selling what he feels is right for him. What makes capitalism a moral aspect is the straw man of fair trade and involvement of voluntary transactions. Capitalism benefits the society through freeing up commerce, mental hospital of wealth, and provides incentives necessary for technological advancements. Socialism usually exists in a parasitic association with capitalism (Mises, 2009 pp 51). It has to deposit and work within a monetary system.

Case study analysis and continuous professional development Essay

Case accept analysis and continuous professional development - Essay ExampleOrganizational contextual factors Sonoco Products Company is a global packaging party that was developed in 1899 in Hartsville, South Carolina. Major James Coker naturalised the lodge and his main target was to make subject cone used to hold yarn in the textile labor. The fellowship kept on making paper cones till it became a leading paper cone industry, experiencing competition from other cone producing companies. This led to its expansion and it started manufacturing packages till it became the largest packing industry in the world (Thomas, Groysberg, and Reavis, 2008). The company proposed a new organizational restructuring that would suit the function cost by at least 20%, this is for the reason that, the company had been highly taxed due to the high cost it was experiencing, so the company managed to increase the sales by 14% by reducing expenses with the increase in shareholders. The organization launch a new organizational model this was to improve the top gain in improving the companys sales to compete with companies around the world. The consumer packaging department was to check the packaging style to image the demands of the customers around the world. This strategy was a rethinking strategy of certain company structures like the human resources. Under the HR every manager managed talents within each of her or his division (Kotelnikov, 2006). The managing director developed policies for performance, perplexity, compensation, development and triple-crown management. These polices advocated for the HR to increase general manager accountability for talent management, to distribute HR talent management and to distribute more, to optimize HR talent ability to give customized ability to the customers. These strategies are only in force(p) if implemented by serious working staff members within the organization (Fort and Salin, 2001). The Sonoco Company established in 18 89 in California was a textual industry and gradually developed into a consumer packaging consumer industry. This growth occurred manly through acquisition in 1990 where the company made 60% acquisition around the world. The company occupied two segments the packaging segments and the consumer packaging. The industrial segment which served as the textile industry paper industry and film industry employed around 11000 employees and made 55% revenue to the company. The consumer packaging had a prescribe of 6000 employees and made high revenue to the company with its products. Some of the companys products are Gillette, Krafts, Nestle and Procter as well as Gamble. The cultural background of the company is friendly, collaborative, and ethical and team oriented. Most of these employees have been in the organization for over twenty years and enjoyed working with the members of the community. During the late 1990s there was a unhorse in the stock and change was a required in the structu re of the organization to solve the line of work (Mission statement - Sonoco, 2009). In the early 1990, the packaging companies generated around 40 billion and the consumer industry represented nigh 70% countrywide distribution. Paper industry accounted for 30% and film industry accounte

Universal Grammar in Second Language Acquisition Research Paper

planetary Grammar in Second oral communication Acquisition - Research Paper ExampleThis paper is a reflective testify on Universal grammar in Second Language Acquisition. Universal Grammar is a concept appropriate to the lingual competence issue, for compositors case, a notion concerning the grammatical representation nature. Although Universal Grammar affords constraints on potential grammars in the skill process, it is not an acquisition theory. This fact is often misconstrued, possibly owing to expressions like LAD (Language Acquisition Device) that legion(predicate) persons earlier equated with Universal Grammar. Nevertheless, it might be more correct to consider Universal Grammar as exclusively part of Language Acquisition Device or faculty of actors line. The Language Acquisition Device impart as surface overhear to encompass learning ideologies, triggering algorithms, and processing doctrines. In different terms, on summit of a constraints theory on Inter-Languag e representation, a concept on means of acquiring that representation is postulate a developmental theory (whether it is in prototypical Language or second Language acquisition) (Epstein, Flynn & Martohardjono, 1996). Although Universal Grammar adds to enlightenment on languages acquisition, this is in the manner of how learners happen to know properties, which go far past the remark how learners know that particular things are impossible, why parsing are of single sort instead of another. Universal Grammar claims that these properties slightly language do not require to be learned. What motivates for Universal Language? It is the assertion that, however, in the instance of L1 (first languages), there exists a rational language acquisition problem, an incongruity amid what enters (specifically, the primary dialectal data) as well as what gets out (a parsing). In other terms, the input establishes the output (Epstein, Flynn & Martohardjono, 1996). Supposing a rational problem of first languages acquisition, persons have inquired whether the case is the same for second languages. This inquiry remains dominant - do second language learners get insentient information (a psychological representation), which goes further than the second language input? If they do, can resource causes of this information be eliminated, for instance, the first language? The solidest example for the function of Universal Grammar in Second Language Acquisition is that the second language elements cannot be acquired from input only or from input and non-domain-specific learning doctrines or from the first grammar only (Schwartz & Sprouse, 1996). Supposing that there exists indeed a rational problem of second language acquisition, investigators have enquired more Universal Grammar-specific enquiries. In the 80s, the Universal Grammar question seemed comparatively straight forward (as well as relatively universal) Is Universal Grammar available (or reachable) to second language learne rs? Do inter-language grammars show proof of being inhibit by Universal Grammar principles? Several principles were explored, such as the ECP, Binding Principle A and Subjacency. The hypothesis was that if matchless can establish that certain Universal Grammar principle works or does not work, then this simplifies to other philosophies, hence to Universal Grammar

Mythology Greek Drama Agamemnon Sophocles' Oedipus Essay

Mythology Greek Drama Agamemnon Sophocles Oedipus - Essay ExampleFrom therefore on, he has assumed the throne and has led the body politic successfully until the plagues came.Since there was no way to draw what causes the indignation of the gods, the Thebeans along with the kings consent sought the help of the prophet Tiresias. Though a little hesitant, the sensible boldly revealed the truth that it was King Oedipuss crime that brought the curse on the land of Thebes.His ego is hurt when Tiresias told him that he is the cause of all the ill pointts in the kingdom by killing Laius and marrying Jocasta who happen to be his parents. This abasement leads to anger, non unaccompanied towards Tiresias besides also to Creon, his uncle turned brother-in-law. He suspects that Tiresias was in connivance with Creon in move an end to his reign as king of Thebes. Publicly he denies the crime and admits his innocence. His anger leads to his suspicion that the 2 men are in to overthrow hi s throne.However, his abilities and intelligence did not spare him from the destiny that the gods have fate on him. At birth, his parents, King Laius and Queen Jocasta were told that their son would kill his father and marry his own mother. steady if he was sent away, the prognostication did not escape him. The reason why he left his bring up parents is to escape his tragic destiny because it was revealed to him also. But it is something that only the gods can control. It is beyond human intervention and power.His hubris or excessive pride brings him to his own destruction for upon realizing that he has actually killed his own father at the hybrid of the triad roads and has married his own mother, he blinded his own eyes and decides to be banished from the kingdom of Thebes. ... sive pride brings him to his own destruction for upon realizing that he has actually killed his own father at the crossing of the three roads and has married his own mother, he blinded his own eyes and decides to be banished from the kingdom of Thebes. He stood by his own words that the culprit must be severely punished. However, throughout his life even when he was at Colonus, he firmly opines that all that happened to his life and his loved ones were not his own doing but that of the gods who controlled his destiny. He claims that he was not entirely responsible for all that happened to him and the kingdom of Thebes but that he was only a victim of fate.Prophetic, blind yet knowledgeable TiresiasThe man who outlived the two kings is not a policy-making leader but a sage and a seer. He is often consulted when the people and the king motive to find explanation and solution to certain phenomena which are beyond human comprehension. Greek mythology tells us that Tiresias confused his eyesight when Hera struck him for he sided with Zeus. Since Zeus cannot undo what Hera did, he chose to bless Tiresias with the gift of knowledge of rising events, thus he became a prophet. In this trilogy, he paradoxically is physically blind, but his vision goes beyond the material into the spiritual realms.In Oedipus the King, he humbly accepts Oedipus insults and accusations but he remains true to his prophecy even if the truth hurt so much and even if it was the king he was addressing. He is not afraid of Oedipus when he reveals to him that Oedipus is the cause of the plagues in Thebes. In reality, he is often proven right in the end.His physical blindness may be symbolic of his impartial and objective revelation of the truth. He sees beyond what human eyes can perceive the will and