Edmund Emil Kemper III: A Case Study

Edmund Emil Kemper III was born on December 18, 1948, in Burbank, California to Clarnell and Ed Kemper Jr. He was the only son of the family. Edmund's childhood was anything but normal. While most other little boys were playing games pretending they were super heroes, Edmund was pretending he was in a gas chamber and his sister was throwing the switch. Once the switch was thrown he would wiggle around on the floor as if he were dying of asphyxiation. Edmund also enjoyed cutting the heads and hands off of his sisters' new dolls. He had trouble relating to his peers because he was afraid of them, afraid of any intimate contact between himself and another. During his childhood years, Edmund also found it amusing to torture the family cats. He buried the first cat up to its neck then kept the severed head as a trophy. His mother replaced the cat. With the new cat Edmund decided to continue his torturing spree by cutting it with a machete, exposing its brains and dissecting the body. These ants resulted in numerous pieces of trophies for him to keep. Until his mother discovered them in his closet. From this point on is when his mother truly began to express her opinions of him as having a â€Å"weirdo† personality. lf his home life was not weird enough, Edmund had a crush on his second grade teacher, Whom his sisters teased him about relentlessly. With this crush developed fantasies of killing his second grade teacher. Edmund's reply to his sister's teasing was, â€Å"If I kiss her, l'd have to kill her first. † On numerous occasions Edmund visited her house with his father's bayonet and his fantasies. With Edmund's home life already a rough one and the fantasies of killing already in his head, the news of his parents divorce did not sit well. His parents fought constantly leaving Edmund, now age 9, to bounce back and forth between them. After his mother became fed up with him she sent him to live with his father, Ed Jr. , and his stepmother. However, this did not last long before he was sent to live with his paternal grandparents at the age of thirteen in rural North Folk, Ca. Edmund did not get along with his grandparents any better than he did with his mother or father. In fact, Edmund lasted with them until August 27, 1964, at age fourteen, when he shot his grandmother in the back of the head with a . 2 caliber rifle after an argument. He later stabbed her lifeless body numerous times with a kitchen knife, and then he shot his grandfather as he returned home. He called his mother and told her what had happened and waited patiently for her and the police to arrive. Once the police arrived and they questioned him about what had happened, Edmund's only response was, â€Å"I just wondered how it would feel to shoot grandma. † Edmund later explained that grandpa was shot out of mercy, a way to spare him from the discovery of his wife. As a punishment for the murder of his grandparents, the courts sentenced Edmund to Atascadero State Hospital where he was placed in the criminally insane unit. Atascadero State Hospital is an all-male, maximum security, forensic facility serving the entire state of California. Upon entering the facility the psychiatrists there examined and tested Edmund's level of intelligence and came up with the findings that he had an IQ of about 145 and possessed the personality disordered titled personality trait disturbance, passive-aggressive type. While in ASH Edmund became such a model inmate that the doctors trained Edmund in how to administer the tests. Knowing how the tests worked allowed Edmund to learn ways in which to provide the doctors with appropriate responses that would pave the way for him to be later deemed no longer a danger to society. Once Edmund passed the tests, he was released back into the world under his mother's care. Now age twenty-one, Edmund returned to his mother's house and fell right back into the tormented ways. Edmund's mother blamed him for everything. She would repeatedly yell at him that it was his fault she had not been with a man for a number of years. With Edmund's new found way of life, he decided he would try to find work. His mother saw how intent he was on getting a job so she tried to have his juvenile records sealed. He first worked at a Green Giant canning plant as a laborer before he applied with the State Division of Highways in 1971; a job that would allow Edmund to hang out with law enforcement. He tried hard to get a job in law enforcement but was rejected due to his large size, of six foot nine inches, and weighing almost 300 pounds. But his new found friends supplied him with handcuffs, a training badge and gun. Part of Edmund's release agreement was to visit with a psychologist regularly. Edmund did this, however as he began to get close with the police officers, and attend his weekly sessions, he began training himself for his next kill. That is he would pick up hitchhikers and provide them with the necessary ride, putting on the â€Å"gentle giant† charade so as to provide a sense of genuine sincerity for those whom he picked up. This manipulation and control over the situation are primary talents of this psychopathic serial killer. Edmund's first kill did not happen until May of 1972, in which he picked up two college women, Mary Anne Pesce and Anita Luchessa, on a freeway ramp. Edmund knew the area so well that he was able to get the car turned around without the girls having any clue that their direction had changed. Edmund then drove to a remote area he learned about from his interaction with the highway department. Upon arriving to the area, Edmund handcuffed Pesce in the backseat and placed Luchessa in the trunk of the car. Edmund returned to Pesce and placed a plastic bag over head, and tied it on with the belt of a bathrobe. However, the belt broke and Pesce had managed to bite through the bag, so Edmund drew his knife and began stabbing her inthe back. These stabbings did not seem to have any effect on her because she was still wiggling around and fighting back. Then Edmund grabbed her by the chin, pulled back her head, and slit her throat. After killing Pesce, Edmund went back to the trunk and began stabbing Luchessa repeatedly in the throat, eyes, heart and forearms. Now that these women were dead, he took them back to his apartment where he dissected their bodies, took Polaroid pictures, and cut off their heads. I remember there was actually a sexual thrill. You hear that little â€Å"pop' and pull their heads off and hold their heads up by the hair. Whipping their heads off their body sitting there. That'd get me off† (Vronsky). Edmund took the remainder of the two women and put them into plastic bags, of which he buried in the Santa Cruz hills, their torsos and limbs in one area, their hands in another. All the while disguising the burial ground with techniques he had learned as a Boy Scout. With the excitement of the killing behind him, Edmund began to return to his normal routine of attending bars filled with law enforcement personnel. All the while he was attending these local gatherings; he was remaining one step ahead of all clues about the cases. In September 1972, Edmund struck again, only this time it was a fifteen year old girl, Aiko Koo, on her way to dance class in San Francisco. Edmund took her to a remote location where he strangled her into unconsciousness, raped her, and then placed her body in the trunk of his car. On his way home however, he stopped off for a beer. When he returned to his car he opened the trunk and, admiring my catch like a fisherman's looked in at the little girl. The next day Edmund buried the body in his typical fashion, but kept her head. With the head of Koo in the trunk of his car he drove to the psychiatrist's office for his regularly scheduled appointment. While at the appointment, the psychiatrist is quoted as saying, â€Å"If I were seeing this patient without any history available or without getting the history from him, I would think that we're dealing with a very well adjusted young man who had initiative, intelligence and who was free of any psychiatric illness†¦ In effect, we are dealing with two different people when we talk of the 15 year old boy who committed the murder and of the 23 year old man we see before us now. . . it is my opinion that he has made a very excellent response to the years of treatment and rehabilitation. . . † (Vronsky). No one knows for sure what the psychiatrists would have said that day if they had known of the head in Edmund's trunk. After living on his own for a while, Edmund decided to move back home with his domineering mother. Since the last killing in September Edmund was doing well, that is until he picked up college student Cindy Schall. Edmund shot Schall in the head and brought her body back to his mother's house, and when she wasn't looking he carried her up to his room and put her in his closet. The next day while his mother was at work Edmund took the corpse to bed and had sex with it. After this he drained the body of blood in his mother's bathtub, cut the body into pieces, bagged them and threw them off of a cliff. He kept the head, this time repeatedly having sex with it. When he grew tired of the head Edmund buried it in the backyard facing up towards his mother's bedroom window. The local university at this time had gotten word of a string of unsolved murders and warned its students not to take rides from strangers. Lucky for Edmund his mother worked at the university and frequently needed him to pick her up, so he ended up with a decal for the university to allow for his easy access. His mother was well liked, respected, and known for her kindness at the university. Edmund used the decal on his car to pick up two more unsuspecting college women. He then took these women back to his mother's house where he decapitated one of them in the trunk of his car. Later that night while his mother was sleeping he carried the headless body up to his room. Edmund has been quoted as saying, in â€Å"†¦ the head is where everything is at, the brain, eyes, mouth. That's the person. I remember being told as a kid, you cut off the head and the body dies†¦. that's not quite true. With a girl, there is a lot left in the girl's body without the head. Of course, the personality is gone (Vronsky). Edmund went from the kill of the two college women until one fatal Easter weekend in 1973. On this weekend Edmund had finally conquered what had driven his hatred all these years, Edmund killed his mother. While his mother lay sleeping in her bed the night before Easter Sunday, Edmund went in with a claw hammer and smashed his mother's head in. Edmund then decided, what's good for my victims was good for my mother's He then proceeded to decapitate her, and raped her headless corpse. He then removed her larynx and tried to run it through the garbage disposal only to have it jam and spit the larynx back at him. Edmund later recalled to police as saying, â€Å"even when she was dead, she was still bitching at me. I couldn't get her to shut up. † This same evening Edmund called and invited his mother's best friend over for a â€Å"surprise† dinner party. Upon her arrival however, Edmund punched her, strangled her, and again cut off the head which he placed in his bed. He then slept in his mothers bed. The next day Edmund got in his car and began to drive aimlessly. He drove all the way from Santa Cruz, Ca. to Colorado. A11 the while listening to the radio hoping for some sort of news flash to come out of the killing he had just committed. But since no such thing happened, and he had grown tired of waiting, Edmund called the Santa Cruz police confessing to all of the crimes. They however, knowing Edmund as friend, did not believe him, forcing him to call several times before they took his word. Which then lead local authorities to his destination where he surrendered willingly. While awaiting trial, Edmund attempted twice to commit suicide by slashing his mists, and was soon transferred to a solitary cell. The trial itself was rather short – the evidence was there, and it showed clear premeditation. A1l of the psychiatrists asked, testified that Edmund was sane at the times he committed his crimes. Edmund was put into prison, where he calmed down and became a well-behaved inmate. At the trial he was asked what he thought would be an appropriate punishment for his actions, his response was â€Å"death by torture. † He was sentences to response was death by torturers He was sentenced to eight concurrent life-prison terms with possibility of parole. Edmund has been up for parole since 1980, but has been denied every time he's applied. Edmund Kemper is said to have been a egotistic lust killer. That is these people set out not with the interest to kill or hurt anyone, but with the intention of wearing your skin or eating your liver, or in the case of Edmund to have sex with your severed head and decapitated corpse. lts just that your life gets in the way of their fanta sy. In Edmund's instance he explained that the actual killing of each victim had little to do with his fantasies, he goes on to say, â€Å"but what I needed to have was a particular experience with person, and to possess them in the way I wanted to: I had to evict them from their human bodies. (Vronsky). When it comes to classifying Edmund as a psychopath, it can be done but in the broadest sense of a definition. A psychopath derives their tendencies from biological predispositions. Including, but not limited to faulty family enviro ends, aloof parents, and inconsistent rewards and punishments. In Edmund's life his parents w re never really there for him, they just shuffled him back and forth before finally sending him to live with extended family. The punishments were inconsistent because his mother locked him in his basement â€Å"bedroom† due to the fear felt by his sister even though he did nothing to provoke the fear. I believe more appropriately Edmund Kemper fits the definition of having a Homicidal Pattern Disorder. Which according to the future volume of the DSM will be defined as deliberate and purposeful murder or attempt at murder of strangers on more than one occasion; tension or affective arousal at some time before the arts; and pleasure, gratification, or relief in commission or reflection of the ants. In the end, I believe that all Edmund truly wanted was a woman's love. Something he wished for greatly, but was always an illusion, never attainable. It is clear what Edmund's purpose for killing these women was, the need to feel a close intimate connection with a member of the opposite sex, more specifically a connection between himself and his mother. Once this conquest was fulfilled, the intimate connection between him and his mother, Edmund willingly turned himself in because his mission was over.

Assignment Internet Tools at Dirt Bikes Essay

Many organizations use the Internet and the Web technology to make their business more productive, efficient, and to cut cost. Developing a central information system or IS, is vital to organizing and storing information pertaining to all company processes. An IS will make the â€Å"six important business objectives: operational excellence; new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; improved decision-making; competitive advantage; and survival† achievable. Laudon & Laudon, 2011) â€Å"Information systems and technologies are some of the most important tools available to managers for achieving higher levels of efficiency and productivity in business operations. † (Laudon & Laudon, 2011) A firewall is important to have to make a security barrier that ensures that the information within the company’s information systems safe from hackers and access by outside sources. A system’s firewall is just one of many ways a company can ensure the safety of their private information. All employees need to be linked in a way that will make information sharing and communication more efficient. Creating an intranet is one way to do this. Intranets allow the company’s sales and marketing, human resources, and manufacturing and production departments to have a private and protected network where they can communicate with each other. In order for this to happen, Dirt Bikes will have to invest in information technology (IT) that may seem like an unnecessary expense but will help ensure Dirt Bikes’ success in the future. Linking all of the company’s computers together in, addition to linking them to a local area network (LAN) will maximize efficiency. Implementing this software along with an intranet will allow the company’s management information system (MIS) to store, organize, and report on all company’s important and vital information. MIS allows management to develop a reporting schedule to monitor each department. With this tool, managers can identify any areas that need improvement or attention, track which promotional tactics produce the best results, and the effectiveness of advertising, to list a few benefits of a management information system. It also improves management’s ability to make executive decisions concerning their business process so that they can fulfill their business model and be profitable. Linking all employees by use of an intranet can cut the time needed to complete projects, make research and discovery (R&D) for new products and improvements easier, and monitoring the productivity of and communication between each of the company’s departments more productive. These actions alone will increase the organization and operational performance of all employees. A MIS will greatly improve this company’s overall performance and ability to be successful. With this type of system, they will be able to store all data needed for clients and keep their information safe and protected just as they do with the company information. It also organizes the information so it is easier to retrieve later. Another benefit of employing systems such as these is that they can track the sales of their products in different regions according to sales and marketing reports. They can adjust inventory, marketing, and advertising according to sales trends and demand within the industry. This is information a company needs to be successful and keep up with its competition in the industry. Using this technology will help Dirt Bikes achieve the improvement sales and profit that they desire. Wireless technology can enable them to use portable of devices whether it be a hand held or laptop so that employees can communicate while away from the workplace. This would allow them to stay in touch with their customers, suppliers, and employees from any location. This would offer the company improvement systems by making the employees able to do their jobs more effectively while away from their desks. Wireless Internet capability could be a benefit to them by allowing employees to access information, print, scan or fax from any location inside the building, and in some cases remotely from other locations as well. Wireless Internet devices can be costly but will pay for themselves in time. A website online would also be extremely beneficial to this company and will boost sales and revenue by opening up a new area of target customers. The impact of developing a company website can increase the workload of all divisions but will also product sales so communication and organization is imperative. This can be an important attribute to a growing company and provide a tremendous boost to employee productivity. The employees, and the company, will appreciate the convenience that comes with wireless devices. A website on the Internet will help boost sales and profit by increasing the company’s customer base that may not be local or able to go to the Dirt Bikes physical location. It is a useful tool the marketing division to advertise the company to a large array of potential customers. The website should provide the customer with information about the company and their product line. This is also a great way to utilize word-of-mouth advertising and cut costs for advertising. Offering online customers perks like direct shipping, or online only discount prices, can pull in additional customers that are not able to visit Dirt Bikes’ store. In addition, developing an interactive web page where customers can add comments is a good way to get feedback on customer service, products, and pricing. An online system linked to the central information system is also a great way to store and organize customer information. It will allow management to report on online sales of products and compare online versus store sales. These are just a few ways Dirt Bikes can boost sales, increase profit and cut cost of their communication within the company and to their customers. The situation that Dirt Bikes found themselves in can be remedied with technology and some new strategies to keep up with the competition in their industry. If this company does not keep up with the technology of the day, it is at risk of losing any competitive advantage it may have and face eventual failure. Making the expenditure for developing the type of systems that will store, organize, and secure company and customer data would be an immense benefit to this company. Keeping up with technology will improve decision-making, data tracking, and managing information much more effective and help this company fulfill its goals. It will help them anticipate and provide for the needs and wants of their customers in many demographic locations. It will also broaden the company’s customer base to include locations that were not accessible until utilization of the Internet and the World Wide Web. By making these adjustments and improving their business plan Dirt Bikes can re-enter the industry with renewed zest and instill fear in their competitors once again.

The Axis were motivated by expansionism

The Axis primary nations were Germany, Japan and Italy.   Allied principles were the United States, United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union.   Each of these entities had their own vision and mission.The Axis were motivated by expansionism.   Germany because of the self perceived humiliation after World War One and the Treaty of Versailles. (Trueman).   Japan was seeking expansionism due tolimitations they felt were on their emperor on the Japanese Islands.   Italy was seeking their own expansionism due in large part also to the Treaty of Versailles that ended the First World War.Germany was the largest and most powerful of the Axis nations.   The vision of the nation was mirrored in the vision of their leader – Adolf Hitler.   He envisioned a powerful and dominating powerto repeat the glory of the German Empire (1871-1918) and the Holy Roman Empire.   These are the first two empires or Reich.   His motivation to the people was not one of conquest – but on e of regaining what was rightfully theirs before the Treaty of Versailles.To accomplish this he blamed the one group of people in the nation who had prospered since the end of the First World War.   These were the Jewish people.   He was able to unify the people under a common goal (becoming a strong nation again) and against a common enemy (the Jewish people and all who sympathized with them).The Allied nations were unified under the doctrine of protectionism and repatriation of conquered nations that would be sympathetic with the Allied cause at wars end.The United States was initiallymotivated by isolationism – the policy of staying out of the war.   Their sympathies were with the nations that were being attacked   and conquered by the Axis powers.The USA initially wanted to stay out of the war – it was only after they were attacked by the Imperial Navy of Japan did they take an active role in the war.By unifying the peoples of all the Allied nations against possible invasions by the Axis powers, was the United States able to build the coalition needed to defeat the Axis.Individual human rights and national rights were the banners of unification used by the Allied powers.   No individual nation was strong enough to defeat the Axis Powers.   Unified the Allied Nations proved to be an unsurmountable body that was able to ultimately defeat the Axis nations – one by one.BibliographyTrueman, C.   (2000).   History Learnings.   The Treaty of Versailles.   Retrieved February 8, 2009 from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_versailles.htm   

Marketing Communication Activities Research Paper

Marketing Communication Activities - Research Paper Example Marketing communication activities are primarily aimed at building awareness of the existence of a business, its products, its services and its position. Such activities are done through advertising, trade show presentations, web sites, press releases, brochures and other public relations activities. This report will discuss the marketing communications activities for pre and post-launch aimed at optimizing food and beverage income for investors who are establishing a hotel. The report will also highlight the tools and approaches required for measuring the effectiveness of these marketing communication activities. Introduction The property at 45 Avenue de la Gare in Lausanne has been bought by the investment team that wishes to establish a hotel at the site. This report is a consultancy support paper that provides professional advice to the investment team on the marketing communication activities that it can be involved in so as to effectively deal with competition and market condit ions within the Lausanne area. The new hotel that is being set up is aimed at providing affordable luxury which appeals to mobile warriors and is attractive to a local hip crowd. The hotel is intended to have comfortable beds, social spaces and a business pop-up space to be used for short term retail meetings and small seminars. The new hotel is finally meant to have a welcome area, dining space, functional work-out space with basic gym equipment and space as well as being technologically relevant. The marketing communications activities are intended to pass across messages that the hotel is accessible, affordable, ambient, kid-friendly and functional. This report will highlight the marketing communication activities that the hotel can be engaged in so as to send messages to the potential customers that the hotel that the hotel is accessible, affordable, ambient, kid-friendly and functional. Marketing communication planning It is imperative that all marketing activities should be gu ided by a marketing communications plan which is strategically thought out so as to guide all marketing and promotion activities (Clow and Baack, p. 9). Marketing communications activities are all the programs that are designed by the marketing team to sell products, services or ideas of a business. These activities need to be planned for so that they can succeed. Market communication planning is usually made up of four major steps which are: 1. Research Research involves the systematic and objective gathering of pertinent information that will be used in determine what will messages will be communicated and to whom they will be communicated (Clow and Baack, p. 10). Research is necessary before planning is done and it can be done through browsing libraries, web sites and asking opinions of authoritative and reputable people. Research on marketing communication activities is necessary because it helps to find out the basic attitudes of customers so that we can know construct effectiv e messages. Research is also useful because it measures the true opinions of the various groups that will need to be communicated to. The hotel investment team should conduct research on market communication activities so as to identify opinion leaders who have influence over the target market. The hotel investment team will be able to minimize on costs since it will only concentrate on key audiences and valid objectives during the market

Current Ethical Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Current Ethical Issue - Essay Example Abortion has been a touchy topic since the Roe vs. Wade decision in 1973. The Supreme Court ruled that a woman has the sole right to decide whether or not to carry a child to term, once an unwanted pregnancy is discovered. Women find themselves pregnant in many different situations: some of their lovers are unenthusiastic about fathering, some of them are teens whose parents aren’t giving them much of a choice, many are in abusive relationships and see a pregnancy as the final nail in the coffin, a number of them are addicted to drugs and fear that their addiction will harm the fetus, or impair their ability to care for an infant, some women simply don’t desire to become mothers, some are married, but fear that procreation at that point in their lives will adversely affect them career-wise, and, of course, there are victims of rape. Regardless of the circumstances that surround a pregnancy, though, there are better alternatives than abortion. The essay â€Å"Abortion, Killing, and Maternal Moral Authority† takes an impartial look at both sides of the choice to abort. Its author, Soran Reader, asks, â€Å"Does abortion mean evacuating the fetus from the woman’s body? Or does it mean killing the fetus?† (Reader, 2008). It seems clear that abortion is a legal form of murder. Whether early in the embryonic stage, or a late-term abortion, the fact is that a human is developing prior to the abortion. The heart is one of the first things to develop, and can been seen beating on ultrasound at an early gestational age. Fingers and toes develop. The fetus can move. How anyone can consider that it is not a person, just because it can’t yet live outside the body is a mystery. It is living inside a body. When its host decides to terminate it, only then is it dead. Perhaps enough women don’t understand that there are plenty of options that don’t include abortion. Custody of the child can be relinquished to the father, or the

The End of Ramstable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

The End of Ramstable - Essay Example The proposed project entitled â€Å"The End of Ramstable† is aimed to mark the end of the old Ramstable theatre with festivity and entertainment that embodied the theatre in its 120 years of existence. The Ramstable Festival Week beginning on August 20 until August 26, 2012 shall be a festivity of Ramstable’s heritage of giving entertainment and delight among its countless patrons for 120 years through music, plays and community engagement. While the proponent intends to make the Festival Week as memorable and as grand as possible, the proponents will not lose sight of the importance of making the endeavour economically viable that will enable the Festival to be successful. There are three aspects of the entertainment component of the project. One of these is Ramstable’s reaffirmation of its commitment to Ramstable community which is its host and patron. To serve this end, one of the highlights of the Festivity Week is the hosting of the Ramstable Theatre to the Finale of the various school’s rendition of â€Å"What the Dickens† to commemorate the 200th birth anniversary of famous Kentish author Charles Dickens. In addition to Ramstable support to the academe, the theatre will also show its commitment to the community by hosting the talent contest â€Å"Ramstable Got Talent† which will run from August 21 to 25 of 2012. Ramstable will commemorate its 120 years of heritage by showing theatre performances in the evening of August 21 to 26 through music and various performances that stretches back in time up to the present. The performances are also designed to include the theatre interest of Ramstable community as the shows will cater to children, parents, men, women, teenager through the careful selection of the artists and genre that will be performed. The artists chosen to perform during the evenings of August 21 to 25 are popular mainstream artists who are proven to provide entertainment of high calibre. Their talent f ees may be hefty but through careful planning and implementation of creative marketing implements, the shows will not only prove to be economically viable but profitable as well. The project proponents believe that Ramstable Theatre has earned enough goodwill through its 120 years of providing entertainment among its countless patrons that will merit its patrons to sponsor the shows. Such, the proponents will capitalise on this goodwill to ensure the viability and profitability of the Festival despite it being intended to be grand. The Festival Week’s viability and profitability can be achieved in two ways. First is through the traditional revenue derived from the ticket sales. Revenue can also be generated by expanding marketing activity through sponsorships and selling of refreshments during the show. Securing sponsors for the show is very doable because the Theatre had enough goodwill from

Biology Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biology - Article Example This variation in genes eliminates the chance of delivering mitochondrial diseases to the baby and can affect the baby’s whole personality. This procedure gives the baby chance to live with the healthiest genes. Male mitochondria have no role as these are only present in the sperm tail and do not get the chance of penetrating the egg. The researchers from UK’s Newcastle University are trying another technique that involves the transfer of cell nucleus only and not the mitochondria. The nucleus of the egg with defective mitochondria is transferred to the donor egg. Male infertility can also be cured by injecting healthy mitochondria into the sperm tail which helps in sperm motility. However, chances of mitochondrial diseases to be transferred to the baby still persist as some faulty mitochondria can remain attached to the transferred nucleus. Questions that arise are: Is it not too early to jump to conclusions as Lane himself mentioned that the research work in this area is not complete? If variations in mitochondrial DNA may result in the occurrence of diseases like Alzheimer’s, then is the idea of designer babies a good one? If mitochondrial incompatibilities lead to fatal diseases like early miscarriages, then what is the solution? Have any experiments been conducted to cure male infertility using this concept? Is this concept ethically

Although consideration is often referred to as the 'badge of Essay

Although consideration is often referred to as the 'badge of enforceability' for a contract in English law, in assessing the - Essay Example However, under the doctrine of promissory estoppels, any party can recover what it has rightfully earned, or the value of detriment suffered by reliance on the agreement, even if a court decides there is no legal contract (MacMillan & Stone, 2013 p.27). Thus, consideration forms one of the fundamental elements of a legally binding agreement, and is often referred to as the ‘badge of enforceability’ for a contract in English law. However, in assessing the validity of a variation in the terms of an existing contract, consideration is but one line of argument. This is because: Consideration is regarded by the English courts as the principle way of determining the existence of a contract (MacMillan & Stone, 2013 p.34). The significance of consideration as a vital aspect of a contract in English law is that; it is through the existence of consideration, that the other essential elements of a legally binding agreement are fulfilled. ... However, while this aspect is a principal requirement in the English contract law, there are further assessments that might be made; in spite of the mere fact that consideration really existed in the contractual agreement, which then nullifies the agreement as unenforceable. Therefore, while consideration forms a fundamental building block as far as the English contract law is concerned, it has emerged that it is not indispensable, and thus there are circumstances under which the courts can regard a contractual agreement that did not entail consideration to be legally binding, while also nullifying a contractual agreement that involved consideration as unenforceable in law (Gillies, 1988 p.72). This simply means that, despite the fact that consideration is a cardinal requirement in the English contract law, it must be interpreted in the context of other principles of a binding contract, and thus consideration is but one line of argument. First, despite the fact that consideration cou ld really exist in a contractual agreement, there is limitation offered to the concept of consideration, which states that past consideration is not consideration (Busch, 2005 p.33). This legal requirement then makes consideration but one line of argument; because it clearly shows that the mere existence of consideration is not sufficient to make an agreement legally binding, since if consideration is past, the contractual agreement will be regarded unenforceable, despite the existence of the consideration (Schulze, 2007 p.49). This principle has been established and demonstrated in various case laws, which has served to show that consideration is a

Integration of Western Culture Into African Culture Essay

Integration of Western Culture Into African Culture - Essay Example In the African context, the individual does not exist but rather the society. Africans believe in working together for the society and obeying societal norms. It has taken time for the African to adopt the individualistic philosophies because these dictate that an individual should be autonomous. On the contrary, African philosophies suggest that without the society, the individual would feel empty. Individualism and liberty philosophies from the west remain new to some Africans. This explains why there is little democracy in African countries but the people do nothing about it. In addition, Africans have slowly integrated western science ad technological innovations to their traditional industries. The acceptance did not come easily. In a bid to catch up with the rest of the developing world in trade and economy, Africa had to absorb the new education and technology to solve its problems. Africa had the resources but lacked the technological expertise to make use of the resources. It is sad to realize that African countries still lag behind in application of the new technologies into their industries. On the other hand, some scientific knowledge serves to strengthen what society believes in. Advances in genetics help the African communities to give explanations to their beliefs. The African culture appreciates that different individuals differ in physical traits. They also recognize that close family members had a high level of resemblance. Such scientific breakthroughs were easy to integrate into their culture. (Erickson, 2005). Before introduction of western medicine, Africans had their form of traditional medicine. Traditional medicine had its unique form of prescription and diagnosis. In some communities, traditional healers associated disease with

In what ways did the Puritans influence America in economics ,politics Essay

In what ways did the Puritans influence America in economics ,politics ,and religion - Essay Example Their principle tended to be Presbyterian and Calvinistic. The puritan’s finest writings were both devotional and polemic treatments of theology. Their big mission was to have the freedom of worship just like as one chooses (Digital History 1 and New Advent 1). The New England puritans played a more crucial role in shaping America more than other group. They contributed a lot to the country’s (America) moral sensibility, sense of mission and its (America’s) work ethic. Some Americans (estimated to be eight million Americans) today can trace their ancestry roots back to the 15,000 to 20,000 puritans who drifted from the New England between the years 1629 and 1640. The puritans gave way to the birth of the next wave in Christian denominations. They brought major reforms to the America colonies and purified the Anglican Church (in the America) which led to the birth of the Baptists and Congregationalist in America (Digital History 1). The puritans immigrated to America in search of religious freedom as they were escaping the religious torment they were facing in their former countries and their idea was not to establish a church that was more like the church of England (they did not like the mode of religion in the England hence, the religion did not satisfy them nor did it favor them). The puritan’s mission was to set up a religion that will make the America a role model for other states to follow (Brewer, Jaques, Jones and King 1). American basic principle remains that of church separation form the state, this principle was largely influenced by the puritans hence the root of the practice (church separation from the state) was developed from the puritan’s idea of having a religious freedom (this made the religion to have a deep influence in the American life). This separation had a large impact as it protected the Americans from supporting a religion that was established and governed by the government (TCI 1). When they

Technology in the classroom Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology in the classroom - Article Example In these instances, it’s necessary for educators to develop clearly defined expectations for participation and even consider a rubric that outlines necessary and appropriate participation. Another issue concerns the ability of the students to access and learn the new technology or even the school to fund the technological integration (Dede 2009). While teachers assume that most contemporary students have aptitude for social networking platforms, not all students are as capable as others; in these instances technology instruction must parallel the lesson, which can be a hindrance if drastic levels of differentiation proves necessary for the lesson plan. While many educational researchers and teacher recognize that incentive systems need to be in place to encourage education professionals to integrate technology into the classroom environment, there has not been enough written on how to adequately structure these inventive programs. Currently, in most classroom environments the incentives are intrinsic as the benefits experienced are seen through the increased productivity of the learning experience, and the increased efficiency of lesson planning. Other proposed measures include extrinsic measures that grant teachers who effectively integrate technology access to funds that will allow them increased access to technology. Christian (2010) points out that in many instances funds from departments not utilizing technology can be collated and implemented in departments that are more proactive in their approach. While implementing an incentive program that directly links reward with technology integration can be challenging can be next t o impossible as the fluid and changing nature of technology is difficult to objectively quantify to specific educational tasks, an overarching policy of administrative officials to hire, support, and promote forward thinking and technology savvy teachers is the greatest

The Cause and Effect of a Great Marriage Essay Example for Free

The Cause and Effect of a Great Marriage Essay The causes for marriage are to maintain and appropriate relationship with one of the opposite sex. While gaining a bond with the person that you hope to share the rest of your life with. Many people are okay with the fact that they love someone and they are in their life. When you love someone you want to take it a few steps further. By making that person apart of who you are because once you are married you do become one. The initial meeting of someone is a time that we might not take as serious as when we decide to allow feeling to take control of us. Once there are feelings come into play we have progressed to more than friendship. Those feeling then help you to see if this person is someone that compliments who you are. There should be steps that are taken to be sure that this is the one for you. In marriage you never want to move too fast because once you are in the relationship you should want to stay. We see people getting married and walking away from the person all of the time. This is a step that we want to stay away from and we can with preparation. One of the steps would be one trying to get to properly know the person that you are friends with. This does entail asking for background information on the person and there family. Some people might believe that questioning someone’s family as well as friends might be a bit too much. If you are marrying someone you want to know that they are safe and will love you. Sometimes we have to go the extra mile as well as cross lines to see who we are with. I also push buttons; this is to see if he is dangerous in any way. You never know a person, so I am told unless you live with them. Although, I do believe that to be true I also believe that you can do your best to get close to them. By getting close you find out information that you might have never been told. There are a lot of dangerous people in the world and they have not been caught. So by probing for information you can know the situation before it is too late. I have taken many steps to get to know the person that I have taken to get to know the guy that I am dating. I do believe that it has made him work harder as a man and has made me a better person. I am able to say that because whatever it is that I ask of him I do also myself. This can only make for a great marriage, I also want him to see that if it is something that you really want then you have to work hard at it. I must say that I am definitely a lot of work and I only want the best. So while I strive for the best I want to be just that also. With all of that being said, marriage is a lot of work and if you have a great friendship the marriage will only be better. The first cause is love and the second is the will to make things work. With lose too combined and the faith in God while allowing him to guide the relationship. One article wrote â€Å"A Oneness Marriage is formed by a husband and wife who are grafting intimacy, trust, and understanding with one another. Its a couple chiseling out a common direction, purpose, and plan. A Oneness Marriage demands a lifetime process of relying on God and forging an enduring relationship according to His design. Its more than a mere mingling of two humans—its a tender merger of body, soul, and spirit.† Oneness Marriage.† Oneness Marriage (2013)

The Rise Of Nationalism In Europe History Essay

The Rise Of Nationalism In Europe History Essay Nationalism has been on the rise over the last few years throughout Europe. Nationalism is the loyalty and devotion to a nation; especially : a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups, according to Mariam Webster Online Dictionary. The European Union was formed to bring peace to the people, make sure that people live safely in other counties; theyre free to work in other European counties without any problems, promote balanced economic decisions in Europe. European countries face a struggle with all of the people turning all of a sudden to nationalism due to the economic crisis. The governments are losing control and the trust of their people, showing widespread protests for the past 2 years. Most European countries have problems with unemployment and people blame the immigrants for it (since theyre not part of any other Euro pean country), thats why youll mostly see attacks on immigrants and not on the domestic people or people from Europe. The main reasons for the rise in nationalism are the economic crisis by the EU, unemployment and illegal immigration. Countries should fix the economic crisis by making the right choices, since its the main reason for increase in nationalism, supported by unemployment and illegal immigration. The European Union (E.U) was formed in the years after WWII to boost up economic cooperation so that governments work together to prevent such mass killing in the world from ever happening again. In simpler words, its like a club joined by a group of people who agree to work together and follow the rules whether they agree or not. Of course this will result in a great benefit for your country and your economy. It was formed by leaders such as Konrad Adenauer, Joseph Bech, Johan Beyem, Winston Churchill, Alcide de Gasperi, Walter Hallstein, Sicco Mansholt, Jean Monnet, Robert Schuman, Paul-Henry Spaak and Altiero Spinelli. These leaders dreamed of a peaceful Europe after the shocking number of deaths of WWII. The first step of creating the EU was in 1949 with West European countries creating the Council of Europe. Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg were the first six countries in April 18, 1951, to sign a contract that said these countries should trade coal and steel with each other since this was one of the reasons of World Wars. They couldnt turn on against the other. In March 25, 1957, the six countries expand their trading treatise by signing The Treaty of Rome forming the European Economic Community. The treaty of Rome said that people, goods services should move freely across the borders of these six countries without any problems by the governments. Germany was in a bad position since the building of the wall in 1961 by the communist to put a stop to the people of the East to move freely to the West. This was a problem since Germany was one of the founding countries of the EU. In July 20, 1963 the EU helps the colonies in Africa; their goal was to bring respect for human rights for those people which suffer. On July 1st 1968 remove all the taxes imported to their country as a sign to move freely all the goods and services. This movement was the first free-trade treaty made in history. On January 1, 1973, three more countries j oin the EU; Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The economic problems started from 1973 when the Arab-Israeli War was on with oil producing nations to face an increase in prices creating economic problems through Europe. The EU responded quickly setting up the European Regional Development Fund whose purpose was to transfer money from rich countries to poorer countries so they develop means of communication such as roads, creating jobs etc. Problems such as human right are more efficient when in 1980s Polish workers strike for their rights. On January 1st 1981, Greece joins the EU after the fall of its military dictatorship (Junta). In 1986 Portugal and Spain join the EU, making the Union up to 12 countries. In 1989 was the fall of the Berlin Wall, reuniting Germany after almost 40 years with the Eastern part joining the EU in 1990. On February 7 the EU sets the rules of its single currency (Euro). At that time they officially name the European Community as the EU. On January 1, 1995 three more countries join the EU, Austria, Finland and Sweden. The EU makes an agreement to 7 countries (Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Portugal). The agreement said that the people of these countries can travel freely between these countries without showing any passports or anything!! The Euro was officially introduced in 1999 with notes and coins printed to 11 countries, Greece joined later in 2001. The UK declined this offer preferring to stay with the English Pound. In May 1, 2004 eight more countries join the EU; Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia. Later on in January 2007 two more countries join the EU, Bulgaria and Romania. On September 2008 the crisis strikes again! This time, through the whole world. The crisis started with mortgage problems in the United States. In the other hand, European banks did poorly handling the situation. (EU) Nationalism has a variety of different definitions based on what ideology people grew up with or what different political parties tell them it is. But, lets have a look at the dictionary definition of nationalism. Nationalism is the loyalty and devotion to a nation; especially: a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of it culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups (Marriam-Webster Online Dictionary). Many people have a question of whether patriotism is the same with nationalism. Patriotism is the love for or devotion to ones country. The main difference is that in nationalism you put your nation above all others, making them look weaker or almost non-existence to you, in patriotism even though you love your country, you dont particularly hate other countries. The definition in both cases doesnt show us a terrible meaning of nationalism or patriotism. What people make thro ugh them is different. It all started with the French Revolution back in the 1700s. The people of France wanted to over through the monarch which was in power for many centuries. A monarch is a single man ruling the country without any democratic decisions being made. Its more like a tyranny. They over threw the monarch within just 3 years. The peoples dream was to create a strong nation with solid power to continue. A measure taken for the formation of a French nation was for a group of people to join together and have the same rights as the other person had. They created the flag of France, the tricolor (blue, white, red). The president of the National Assembly which was then called The Estates General was elected democratically by the people. Oaths and the laws of being in the National Assembly were taken very seriously for the name of their nation. For the better effect of nationalism, the French banned all dialects from the country, they encouraged people to speak only the French language which was es tablished in Paris and moved rapidly throughout the nation. With the revolution being successful, the French army started to expand the idea of nationalism into other European countries such as Holland, Switzerland, Belgium, wanting them to become nations instead of sates. During the 18th century, Europe had no nation-states; some countries were divided into kingdoms such as Germany and Italy. In the middle of Europe, the monarchies were still in power and they didnt want to share the same culture as a whole or have the same identity. Monarchy in France was right in the corner to kick in again with Napoleon. He destroyed the democratic views of the country but, he had a plan; to revolutionize in order to make this system work. Nationalism in Europe started to bend towards liberal nationalism. According to the dictionary, liberalism is the power of being free. People got the right to vote regardless of their property, because during the revolution only men with property were allowed to vote. They had the privilege of moving goods and services in between countries. After the defeat of Napoleon, people didnt want to return to the old days of the revolution, they wanted a strong army protecting the church, the families, boosting up the economy and having a strong monarchy. Italy was split into seven states following the years of 1830. Groups were formed underground to revolve and making Italy a whole nation. They believed that God and religion wanted nations as a whole and not be parts of states. The revolutionary citizens were liberal-nationalist, from teachers, professors to middle class people. The Greek War for Independence was one of the most nationalistic movements during that time. After being occupied by the Ottomans for almost 400 years, the Greek stood up with pride and fought the Ottomans which were later on defeated. They got help from other Greeks living away from Greece. They also got help from Western Europeans because they had love for the ancient Greeks and decided to help them. In 1832 the Treaty of Constantinople accepted the Greeks as an independent nation. In the years after 1840, Europe started to shift from nationalistic revolutions to nationalism and the power of reaching political control through Europe. In 1848 German nationalist wanted to unite the parts of Germany as a whole nation-state. They got the help of the military and the monarchs. (History of nationalism, rise of nationalism.) The rise of nationalism in Europe has been a problem for the governments and the EU. These national groups are formed to hit the system and their governments by embracing teenagers to join them. The steps are simple, the internet, in specific Facebook has been a great site for communicating with others while some take advantage of it and control teenagers by promoting videos and other methods of propaganda. It cannot be just that though. People have their own beliefs, they fear that their cultural identity will get lost in a few years from now if immigration increases. The countries that face an increase of nationalism and anti-immigration groups until now are Austria, the Netherlands, which is ironic because they were in the group of six who created the EU, Hungary, Greece, France, Italy, and Spain. The Hungarian national party called Jobbik at the 2010 elections won 47 seats in the parliament! The increase shocked everyone hence in 2006 they were almost invisible in Work Cited: Nationalism in Europe. The Rise of Social Science CBSE Class Ten. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. The History of the European Union. EU. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012

Jones Electrical Distribution Electric Suppliers Finance Essay

Jones Electrical Distribution Electric Suppliers Finance Essay Introduction Jones Electrical Distribution is an Electrical company which has predicted that sales for the company will increase. However, over the years the company has experienced some difficulties in its cash flow and decided that in order to keep the company in operation, it was evident that additional financing would be needed in the form of a loan. However, the loan limit for borrowing could not have exceeded $250,000.00. This amount was the maximum limit their local bank, Metropolitan would offer to any company. It must be pointed out that from the inception of Jones Electrical, Metropolitan Bank was the only financial provider used by the company. In light of the foregoing, Jones had to seek alternative financial assistance from another bank Southern Bank and Trust. The credit line offered Jones Electrical a loan would be in the amount of $350,000.00, $100,000.00 more than what Metropolitan would have offered. Jones Electrical needed to decide which loan will be more beneficial, less ris ky and the least expensive for the company. They needed to consider the proposition of receiving the loan from Southern Bank Trust as opposed to remaining with Metropolitan Bank. Another issue arising from the case is the way in which Jones Electrical did its operations. He had over 100 suppliers from which he credited inventory, and he paid his accounts within the 10-day period in order to benefit from a 2% trade discount. The industry being large, fragmented and highly competitive, Jones Electrical had to decide whether they needed to restructure their companys operation and expand same and also what financial decision that had to be made for the continued operations of the Company. Jones Electrical would have much limitations with respect to borrowing from Southern Bank and Trust such as; additional investments in fixed assets could only be made with prior approval of the bank, consumption of the credit line would have a limit of $350,000 of Accounts Receivable and 50% of Invento ry and also, there will be limitations on withdrawals of funds from the business by Jones. Should Jones accept the loan from Southern Bank and Trust, his relationship with Metropolitan Bank will have to be will no longer. (Piper and DeVolder, n.d). A number of factors would be discussed later on in this case which include the financial projections of Jones Electrical. In addition, Jones financial statements will be analyzed and we will also look at the sustainability growth for this small company. The cash flow of Jones Electrical will also be addressed in this case. Problems faced by Jones Electrical Distribution Jones Electrical needs to decide whether or not it will accept the offer of the loan from Southern Bank and Trust or from the Metropolitan Bank. The company needs to maintain its sales, needs to expand, satisfy its liabilities but would need funding in order to do so. Some main problems identified in the case: Jones bought Dave Verdent, his former business partner out for $250,000. 00. His repayment plan was a $2000.00 per month with 8% interest per annum. The interest rate he is paying is relatively high and this means it will take Jones over ten years to repay this loan with an interest payment in excess of $200,000.00 in interest only. Therefore Jones will have to pay approximately $458,400.42 in interest and principal. This occurred because of a fallout Jones had with his partner Dave Verdent over the aggressive growth of the business, which has put the company in financial debt because Jones has to repay Verdent in full for buying out the company. From the financial information provided in the Balance Sheet of Jones Electrical Distribution it shows that there was an increase in accounts receivables, inventory, property and equipment. This increase would permit an increase also in liabilities and equity to be able to finance the aforementioned assets. On the other hand, the balance sheet also shows in increase in accounts payable, line of credit payable and accrued expenses. The above increases would therefore warrant financial assistance from the Bank for the expansion of the business. Another issue is that Jones Electrical had to resort to approaching the bank to receive a loan for his company in order that his business would grow profitably, to develop with respect to opening other locations and to survive on a highly competitive market. Jones needed to make a decision whether he should receive a loan from Metropolitan Bank or from Southern Bank and Trust. If Jones decide to go with Southern Bank and Trust, there will be implications which were mentioned earlier (additional investments in fixed assets could only be made with prior approval of the bank, consumption of the credit line would have a limit of $350,000 of Accounts Receivable and 50% of Inventory and also, there will be limitations on withdrawals of funds from the business by Jones. Should Jones accept the loan from Southern Bank and Trust, his relationship with Metropolitan Bank will no longer be. He needed to weigh his options between the two banks. Competition in the market: Jones Electrical was faced with a lot of competition from national distributors, home centers and other small supply house. The industry was a very large and fragmented one, and despite the competition, Jones Electrical was able to increase its sales; however, Jones was still in a position where he needed to inject some cash into the business. Solutions or Recommendations Jones should accept the loan from Southern Bank and Trust, since he will be receiving more funding. The funding from Southern Bank and Trust was more that what the company would have received from Metropolitan Bank. Although, the requirements of Southern Bank and Trust Bank seem to be rigid, the more monies that he receives can however be used in the firms expansion as well as paying off some of the companys liabilities. As a result, Jones will be allowed more flexibility in the operations of the business. He will then be able to increase his assets in the form of inventory and capital, which in turn will result in his business being in a better position to finance its operations. In addition, Jones Electrical will be able to benefit from the trade discounts which are offered by his suppliers because this arrangement would allow him to pay his creditors. With respect to the early payment discount of only 2%, it is advisable that the Company, continue to credit its supplies and make alternative arrangements with respect of repayment to its suppliers. The company needs cash and the discount of the 2% does not put the company in a better financial position. It is always important to inject equity so that your company will be able to increase its assets, which will eventually lead to an increase in sales and revenue. Another issue is that with respect to the proposed growth of the company, Jones had predicted forecasting in sales to increase significantly therefore the urgent need for a very large cash flow into the company would help significantly. Evaluate solutions Pros Cons Should Jones Electrical decide to accept the loan from Southern Bank and Trust, it will receive funds to be able manage and expand its operations and pay off his debt. A loan is a liability and this will mean the firm will have another expense to pay at the end of every month. Benefits from trade discounts offered by his suppliers. He can use this opportunity to get discounts from his suppliers. Trade discounts can have a negative impact in that if Jones does not stay within the time frame in paying for his goods. With the increase in bank borrowing, this can contribute to a number of aspects. One main aspect is the increase in sales, which in turn will result in increase revenue. Increase in bank borrowing can result in a decrease in cash flow. As stated earlier, Southern Bank and Trust has limitations in borrowing money from them. Conclusion With respect to the various financial data presented in this case, Jones Electrical forecasts predicted that its sales would increase with favorable prospects and at the same time the company was in dire need of a significant cash inflow. It is however advisable that Jones Electrical accepts the offer made by Southern Bank and Trust despite the specific restrictions that would be placed on the Company. This offer would provide for long term financing of the company and as a result the limitations with respect to borrowing would eventually be removed, thus enabling the Company to utilize the credit line specifically if it foresees forecast would be favorable. The credit line offered by Southern Bank and Trust would be significantly more than what Metropolitan would ever offer. Eventually, this budding financial relationship between Jones Electrical and Southern Bank and Trust would enable Jones Electrical to even borrow much more than what they would have been offered initially. Jones now will be able to be more flexible with its business decisions with respect to expansion.

lord of he flies :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over a month ago a tragic incident occurred that tested the unity of this country. Terrorist attacks tested the will power and the strength of all. On September 11th the Osama Bin Ladens of the world committed an evil act that attempted to destroy all. Americans were disturbed mostly because the people who committed these acts are human like the rest of us, meaning basically everyone is capable of causing such a disturbance. William Golding came to the same conclusion in his book Lord of the Flies. Throughout his novel, Lord of the Flies, Golding illustrates mans inhumanity to man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using conflict between characters, Golding shows how easy it can be for innocents to become evil. First of all, Roger throws stones at Henry. Henry plays on the beach quietly, and Roger hides behind the trees and chooses stones to throw at Henry. Henry never does anything to deserve it, but Roger throws them anyway. Golding writes, â€Å"This side and that the stones fell, and Henry turned obediently but always too late to see the stone in the air†(62). Roger shows cruelty to Henry and several other littluns. Jack also shows ruthlessness to other boys on the island. For example, Jack breaks Piggy’s glasses. As Piggy takes a step forward to talk to Jack, he smacks Piggy’s head. Piggy’s glasses fly off and shatter onto the rocks. This action makes one of his lenses break, which causes Piggy, blind in one eye. Jack does this out of pure evil in hopes of releasing his anger. At this part of the novel acts of evil increase in the boysâ€℠¢ actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using conflict, Golding again attempts to demonstrate mans capability to lose sight of what’s important. The boys destroy their own friendships for no reason at all. Maurice kicks sand in Percivals’ eyes in hopes of harming him in some sort of way. Maurice does this out of pure anger, choosing to release his anger on Percival, who did nothing to deserve this. Maurice at the time was acting on his feelings: â€Å"†¦laughing, and add[ing] to the destructionâ€Å"( ). Jack also demonstrates the same kind of evil that Maurice does. Jack reacts on his feelings by punching Piggy out of pure jealousy. Piggy, was given the gift of intelligence, a gift Jack wishes he had. Jack then uses his insecurity to destroy Piggy’s self-image in hopes of boosting his own. Piggy does nothing but try and help out the boys by using his knowledge and sense of humanity, but the boys can’t simply deal with the fact that there is much more to Piggy than his appearance, and they show only cruelty to him.

The Significance of Philosophical Scepticism Essay -- Philosophy Philo

The Significance of Philosophical Scepticism In answer to the question 'What can we know?' anyone who gives a pessimistic answer is labelled a sceptic. Scepticism is associated with incredulity. A sceptic is someone who questions things (particularly received opinions) and also practices suspension of judgement. This questioning outlook has been labelled by some as practical scepticism. However, philosophical scepticism involves more than this. Its essential element is a general view about human knowledge. In the broadest terms, philosophical scepticism holds, or at least finds irrefutable, the view that knowledge is impossible. There are two features of philosophical scepticism which differentiate it from everyday 'sceptical' outlooks. The first has to do with its strength. The more challenging sceptical arguments do not depend on imposing high standards for knowledge or justification. Rather, the scepticism they imply is radical. It is not just the case that we can have all kinds of good reasons for what we believe, though those reasons do not quite measure up to the standards required by genuine knowledge. The radical sceptic questions whether we ever have the slightest reason for believing one thing rather than another, so we can never even get to the point of justified belief, never mind whether our justifications are sufficient for knowledge, in some more restricted sense. The second crucial feature of philosophical scepticism concerns its scope. The philosophical sceptic's negative verdict on human knowledge is highly general. This generality explains why philosophical scepticism formulates its challenge in terms of the possibility of knowledge. it is not merely the case that we in fact know a good deal less t... ...sophy. Penguin Reference.(1996). pp. 502-503. Morton, Adam. Philosophy in Practice %#151; An Introduction to the Main Questions. Blackwell.(1996). Chapter 1. pp. 3-35. Moser, Paul. The Blackwell Guide to Epistemology. (Eds. Greco, J. and Sosa, E.). Blackwell.(1999). Chapter 2. pp. 70-91. Scruton, Roger.Modern Philosophy — An Introduction and Survey. Mandarin.(1994). Chapter 2. pp. 16-22. Shermer, Michael. A Skeptical Manifesto. The Skeptic, vol. 11, Spring 1992. pp. 15-21.http://www.skeptic.com Warburton, Nigel. Philosophy — The Basics. Routledge.(1992). Chapter 4. pp. 93-111. Williams, Michael. The Blackwell Guide to Epistemology. (Eds. Greco, J. and Sosa, E.). Blackwell.(1999). Chapter 1. pp. 35-69. Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. (Translated by Pears, D.F. and McGuinness, B.F.). Routledge. (1961). Section 6.51, p73.

Services Marketing Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm

services marketing integrating customer focus across the firmChapter 01 Introduction to Services Multiple Choice Questions 1. (p. 4)  In the simplest terms, _____ are deeds, processes and performances. A. Attributes B. Experiences C. Services D. Goods E. Benefits Difficulty: Easy 2. (p. 4)  The maintenance contract offered by Sears on its Kenmore refrigerators, dishwashers and microwaves is an example of a(n) _______. A. Service B. Experience C. Attribute D. Good E. Benefit Difficulty: Easy 3. (p. 4)  When Heather goes to the local gym, she has a personal trainer who helps make sure she is using the equipment correctly.The personal trainer is an example of a(n):   A. Service B. Experience C. Attribute D. Good E. Benefit Difficulty: Easy 4. (p. 4)  Many people when they go on vacation are choosing to leave their dogs in posh pet resorts that offer a variety of activities for the dogs, such as swimming pool frolics, nature walks and hayrides. Dog owners are paying $17 per nig ht for basic boarding at the pet resorts and up to an additional $20 for the other activities, which would be collectively classified as:   A. Goods B. Values C. Services D. Satisficers E. Attributes Difficulty: Easy 5. (p. )  _____ is a key determinant of whether a product offering should be classified as a product or a service. A. Physicality B. Audience passivity C. Tangibility D. Perception E. Abstraction Difficulty: Easy 6. (p. 4)  Which of the following is an intangible component of a car repair shop? A. Replacement parts B. Employee uniforms C. Barrel for storing recyclable motor oil D. The training the mechanic has received E. Customer waiting area Difficulty: Easy 7. (p. 4)  Which of the following is an example of a tangible component provided by a hotel? A. Wake-up call B. Guest rooms C. Room service D. Express check-out E.Guaranteed reservations Difficulty: Easy 8. (p. 3, 11)  Which of the following is NOT an example of a service business? A. Amusement park B. H otel C. Bank D. Department store E. Soft drink bottler Difficulty: Easy 9. (p. 17)  Extron Electronics makes coaxial cables for connecting computers to all types of peripheral devices like printers, modems and fax machines. For the benefit of its customers, Extron provides a laminated card with pictures of all the possible cable connections that a customer could need. With this card, a customer can order from one to any number of connectors with as many feet of cable as is needed.Orders can be placed using a toll-free number, a fax number or an e-mail address. Company reps are also available 24-hours a day in case the customer is not sure which drawing on the card matches his or her needs. Orders are shipped within 48-hours of receipt. If a customer is not completely satisfied with his or her order, Extron has a 100 percent satisfaction guaranteed return policy. Which of the following trends that has influenced the development of services marketing concepts and strategies as illus trated by Extron's focus on customer service? A. The increasing importance of service industries to the U.S. and world economies B. The increase of government regulation of service industries C. The growth in information-based technology D. Increased competition in professional services E. Manufacturing firms are placing increased emphasis on providing services Difficulty: Moderate 10. (p. 7)  Which of the following trends has directly influenced the development of services marketing concepts and strategies? A. The decreasing importance of service industries to the U. S. and world economies B. The growth in information-based technology C. Decreased competition in professional services D.The fact that manufacturing firms are placing increased emphasis on providing services E. None of the above Difficulty: Moderate 11. (p. 8)  On his way to work today, Terry saw a billboard for a physician's group that specialized in vascular surgery. In his local newspaper there was a full-page a d for a medical clinic that performed similar surgery. Then in his mail, he got a brochure from yet another medical clinic asking him if he wanted to get rid of ugly varicose veins. Which trend that influenced the development of services marketing concepts and strategies is illustrated here?A. The increasing importance of service industries to the U. S. and world economies B. The increase of government regulation of professional service industries C. The growth in database marketing D. Increased competition in professional services E. Professional firms are placing increased emphasis on providing services Difficulty: Easy 12. (p. 10)  Which of the following statements about services is true? A. A service economy produces services at the expense of other sectors B. Service jobs are low paying and menial C. Service production is labor intensive and low in productivity D.Service is a necessary evil for manufacturing firms E. The skills needed for managing services differ from those u sed for managing manufacturing businesses Difficulty: Easy 13. (p. 14)  Without good mailing lists, businesses cannot engage in effective direct-marketing advertising. On average 20 percent of the U. S. population moves annually. Return Path is a company that provides changes of addresses to businesses. It takes a business's mailing list, compares it to address changes that it gathers daily in its database and makes any necessary corrections.Return Path is a part of which trend in the services marketing industry? A. The increasing importance of service industries to the U. S. and world economies B. The decrease of human interaction as a result of widespread use of technology-based services C. The growth in the use of technology-based services D. Increased competition in the direct-mail industry E. The fact that direct marketing firms are placing increased emphasis on providing services Difficulty: Easy 14. (p. 14)  Garrett and Hugh were having breakfast when they decided they wa nted to have pizza and watch a video that night.Garrett turned on her computer, brought up the site of a local video store and ordered the movie Cold Mountain to be delivered to her doorstep at 7 p. m. Next she logged on to her favorite pizza restaurant's Web site and ordered a large pepperoni pizza and a bottle of her favorite soda to be delivered at 6:45 p. m. Garrett and Hugh enjoyed their evening. The next morning the video store had someone pick up their tape at Hugh's office. Which trend that influenced the development of services marketing is illustrated here? A. The increasing importance of service industries to the U. S. nd world economies B. The decrease of human interaction as a result of widespread use of technology-based services C. The growth in the use of technology-based services D. Increased competition in the entertainment industry E. The fact that manufacturing firms are placing increased emphasis on providing services Difficulty: Easy 15. (p. 30)  Which of the following statements has been suggested as a plausible explanation for the customer perception that service quality is declining? A. Technology-based services, which are superior to human-based services, are not being implemented enough B.Services are leveling the playing field and consistently trying to offer the same level of service to every customer C. Companies are decreasing their reliance on self-service and increasing the use of human interaction in the performance of services D. Customer expectations are higher because of the excellent service they receive from some companies E. Even though it is Easy to provide consistent, high-quality service, many companies do not want to do it Difficulty: Moderate 16. (p. 30)  Which of the following statements has been suggested as a plausible explanation for the customer perception that service quality is declining?A. Increasing use of technology is perceived by many customers as less service because there is no human interaction B. Companies provide unclear tactics for customers to follow when dealing with service providers C. Delivering consistent, high-quality service becomes routine D. Customers have no concept of what conditions produce to quality service E. Too many talented employees are left mired in front-end jobs that do not challenge them Difficulty: Moderate 17. (p. 15)  Which of the following statements about how technology has positively influenced service is true? A.Technology provides vehicles for delivering existing services in more accessible, convenient, productive ways B. Technology facilitates basic customer service functions C. Technology facilitates transactions by offering a direct vehicle for making purchases D. Technology provides an Easy way for customers to learn and do research about products and companies E. All of the above statements about how technology has influenced service are true Difficulty: Easy 18. (p. 14)  Which of the following statements describes how consumers and employees are responding to technology-based services? A.Services can readily calm fears that privacy may be sacrificed if technology is used B. An infusion of technology can lead to an increase in human interaction C. The payback for investments in technology is a certainty D. Employees are often reluctant to integrate technology into their work lives E. All of the above statements describe how consumers and employees are responding to technology-based services Difficulty: Easy 19. (p. 20)  The most basic and universally cited, difference between goods and services is:   A. Heterogeneity B. Perishability C. Intangibility D. Comparability E. DivisibilityDifficulty: Easy 20. (p. 20)  The characteristic of a service that means that it cannot be seen, felt, tasted or touched is:   A. Intangibility B. Heterogeneity C. Divisibility D. Perishability E. Compatibility Difficulty: Easy 21. (p. 20)  On a recent visit to The Home Depot store, a sales associate greeted Gigi when she entered the store, helped her locate the items she needed to repair her gutters and suggested how she could prevent gutter problems in the future. The assistance provided by the sales associate illustrates the ______ of services. A. Intangibility B. Comparability C. Divisibility D. PerishabilityE. Compatibility Difficulty: Easy 22. (p. 20)  In India weddings are timed to occur when Venus is in the ascendant and Jupiter is strong. This day is deemed lucky. In 2005, almost 15, 000 couples in New Delhi had their wedding on December 25, the day astrologers announced would be the best day for a wedding. The service provided by the astrologers is an excellent illustration of the _____ of services. A. Intangibility B. Comparability C. Divisibility D. Perishability E. Compatibility Difficulty: Easy 23. (p. 20)  Last November, Andrew and Jana went to talk to a wedding consultant about planning their June wedding.The consultant congratulated them on thinking ahead and then began to ask th em questions about what kind of wedding they wanted. She gave them a book that contained all the information they needed to plan a memorable wedding. They met with the consultant regularly to talk about how the plans were coming and made more decisions with her help. The consultant helped them with everything from invitations to wedding reception favors. She even went with Jana to select her wedding gown and her bridesmaids' gowns. The sort of assistance provided by the wedding consultant illustrates the _____ of services. A. IntangibilityB. Comparability C. Divisibility D. Perishability E. Compatibility Difficulty: Easy 24. (p. 21)  Which of the following statements describes a marketing implication that results from the intangibility of services? A. Customers participate in and affect the transaction B. Service quality depends on many uncontrollable factors C. Services can be readily communicated D. There is no sure knowledge that the service delivered matches what was planned a nd promoted E. Services cannot be inventoried Difficulty: Easy 25. (p. 21)  The characteristic of a service that refers to differences in employees' performances is:   A.Intangibility B. Heterogeneity C. Divisibility D. Perishability E. Simultaneous production and consumption Difficulty: Easy 26. (p. 21)  The first time Terry brought his car to Auto Lube to have the oil changed he was very satisfied with the service. The service manager consulted him several times while his car was being serviced, asked him if there were any problems with the car, recommended when additional services should be performed and answered questions directly and politely. However, when Terry went back to Auto Lube after three months to have his oil changed again, he was not satisfied with the service.The manager spoke to him only when he arrived and when he paid his bill. In addition, the manager was impatient and unfriendly during the interaction. Terry's experience at Auto Lube illustrates the ____ _ of services. A. Intangibility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D. Perishability E. Divisibility Difficulty: Easy 27. (p. 21)  The first time Alexis went to take golf lessons, she had a golf pro who was very patient with her and who was able to pinpoint what she was doing wrong without making her feel uncoordinated. Her second golf lesson was not nearly as helpful.The golf pro who gave the lesson wanted Alexis to watch what he was doing and imitate his swing. He was unable to verbalize his instructions. Alexis's experience with the two golf instructors illustrates the _____ of service. A. Intangibility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D. Perishability E. Divisibility Difficulty: Easy 28. (p. 21)  Two roommates both registered for an introduction to business class. At midterm, one roommate found his instructor so boring that he was thinking of changing his major to history. The other roommate had a charismatic teacher and loo ked forward to going to class.This heterogeneity of instruction demonstrates:   A. How difficult it is to synchronize supply and demand with service B. That customer service depends on employee actions C. How customers affect each other D. The fact services cannot be readily communicated or displayed E. Why services cannot be inventoried Difficulty: Easy 29. (p. 21)  Weddings have always been lavish in India. Vandana Mohan is New Delhi's most successful wedding planner. The average New Delhi middle-class wedding in 2005 cost $20,000 with one recent wedding costing more than $10 million.Because budgets vary as do the desires to show off one's ability to engage in conspicuous consumption, Vandana Mohan sometimes finds it difficult to maintain his reputation for lavish and beautiful weddings. The problems associated with the planning of weddings illustrate the _____ characteristic of services. A. Versatility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D. Perishabili ty E. Intangibility Difficulty: Easy 30. (p. 21)  Parents everywhere are very busy and often cannot spend time with their children.In the Netherlands, children who want a bedtime story can call the telephone service and request to listen to one of twenty prerecorded fairy tales. The phone company charges $7 per story. Because of the prerecording of the stories, this bedtime service reduces the problems typically associated with the _____ characteristic of services. A. Versatility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D. Perishability E. Intangibility Difficulty: Easy 31. (p. 22)  Which of the following is a marketing implication that results from the heterogeneity of services? A.Services cannot be returned or resold B. Services cannot be patented C. Services cannot be inventoried D. Mass production of services is difficult E. All of the above are marketing implications resulting from the heterogeneity of services Difficulty: Easy 32. (p. 22)  Because of t he _____ of services, service producers find themselves playing a role as part of the product itself and an essential ingredient in the service experience for the consumer. A. Comparability B. Intangibility C. Heterogeneity D. Simultaneous production and consumption E. Perishability Difficulty: Easy 33. (p. 2)  Due to the _____ characteristic of services, customers can affect the transaction and how others perceive the transaction. A. Comparability B. Intangibility C. Heterogeneity D. Simultaneous production and consumption E. Perishability Difficulty: Easy 34. (p. 22)  The Offshore Sailing School in Jersey City, New Jersey offers a basic sailing course, which takes place in three days over two weekends, for $495. Students enrolled in the course attend classroom sessions that cover the theory and technology of sailing and receive hands-on sailing instructions in the water that introduces them to all fundamental sailing kills. Student participation in the Offshore Sailing School' s classroom sessions and hands-on sailing instructions illustrates the _____ characteristic of services. A. Versatility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D. Perishability E. Intangibility Difficulty: Easy 35. (p. 22)  For their wedding anniversary, Beth and Rick wanted to go skydiving. They enrolled in a skydiving class at the local airport at a cost of $260. After a 30-minute training course in which everything that was going to happen to them was carefully explained, Beth and Rick were sent up in an airplane with two skydiving experts.Each was placed in a harness arrangement with one of the experts and did what is called a tandem dive. With a tandem dive, Beth and Rick get to enjoy the experience without having to worry about when to open the parachute. The skydiving expert does that for them. This tandem jump illustrates the _____ characteristic of services. A. Versatility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D. Perishability E. Intangibility Difficulty: Easy 36. (p. 22)  Which of the following statements describes a marketing implication that results from the simultaneous production and consumption of services?A. Services cannot be returned or resold B. Service quality depends on many uncontrollable factors C. Employees affect the service outcome D. Services cannot be readily displayed or communicated E. There is no sure knowledge that the service delivered matches what was planned and promoted Difficulty: Easy 37. (p. 22)  _____ refers to the fact that services cannot be saved, stored, resold or returned. A. Intangibility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D. Perishability E. Incompatibility Difficulty: Easy 38. (p. 2)  In India weddings are timed to occur when the stars and planets are in certain positions, which are deemed lucky. In 2005, almost 15,000 couples in New Delhi had their wedding on December 25, the day astrologers announced would be the best day for a wedding. Wedding planners had to prepare all year for this one date instead of planning lots of weddings throughout the year. The service provided by the Indian wedding planners illustrates the _____ characteristic of services. A. Versatility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D.Perishability E. Intangibility Difficulty: Easy 39. (p. 22)  An attorney who charges a client for a missed appointment is taking into account the _____ characteristic of services. A. Heterogeneity B. Simultaneous production and consumption C. Incomparability D. Perishability E. Intangibility Difficulty: Easy 40. (p. 22)  Bob Wilson owns and operates Flashdance Skating Rink. Last Monday afternoon, he had rented the rink out for a birthday party that was cancelled at the last minute due to a flu epidemic that had sickened three-fourths of the children who were invited.While Wilson kept the deposit, he did not get the skate rental fees or the snack food money he had anticipated from the rent al. Wilson lost money as a result of the _____ characteristic of services. A. Heterogeneity B. Simultaneous production and consumption C. Incomparability D. Perishability E. Intangibility Difficulty: Easy 41. (p. 20)  Which of the following is a marketing implication that results from the perishability of services? A. Service quality depends on many uncontrollable factors B. Employees affect the service outcome C. Synchronizing supply and demand is difficult D. Customers participate and affect the service outcomeE. Service delivery and customer satisfaction depend on employee actions Difficulty: Easy 42. (p. 23)  Which of the following is NOT an element of the traditional marketing mix? A. Production B. Place C. Product D. Price E. Promotion Difficulty: Easy 43. (p. 24)  In addition to the elements of the traditional marketing mix, the expanded mix for services includes:   A. Positioning, personalization and process B. People, physical evidence and process C. Personalization , procurement and people D. Profit, production and psychology E. People, partnerships and positioning Difficulty: Easy 44. (p. 4)  Which of the following is an example of the people element of an airline company's services marketing mix? A. Pilots B. Baggage handlers C. Customers D. Flight attendants E. All of the above Difficulty: Easy 45. (p. 24)  Andreason Removal Company removes asbestos from old houses and buildings. Which of the following is an example of the people element of services marketing mix? A. Federal inspectors who check behind Andreason's employees to make sure the job is done properly B. People in the community where it disposes of the asbestos C. Physicians who have studied the dangers of breathing asbestos D.People who hire the company to remove the asbestos from their property E. Suppliers who provide the uniforms and masks to protect Andreason's employees from the asbestos Difficulty: Easy 46. (p. 24)  When Alicia and Jordan dined at Formia Ristorante, a contemporary Italian restaurant in New Jersey, they both enjoyed Formia's coy, smart and embracing atmosphere. Formia creates this atmosphere with a single large dining room that measures 20 by 60 feet and contains 14 roomy tables. Ceiling fans slowly swirl as candlelight dances across the tables that are attentively cared for by servers.Vertical pink and white florid patterns emerge from old wainscoting. Finally, Formia's two-page menu offers guests a range of pasta, chicken, veal and seafood entrees, in addition to nightly specials that are handwritten and presented on large index cards. Alicia and Jordan experienced the _____ element of Formia Ristorante's services marketing mix. A. Product B. Production C. Process D. Place E. Physical evidence Difficulty: Easy 47. (p. 24)  Ruth recently visited a day care center that is convenient to her work. Ruth is thinking of letting the day care workers care for her infant son while she is at work.The first thing Ruth noticed when she wa lked in the door of the facility was the smell of urine. There was a dead plant in the window. Three babies were crying and no one was paying them any attention. Other children that Ruth could see looked listless. In this example, Ruth experienced the negative side of the _____ element of the day care center's services marketing mix. A. Product B. Production C. Process D. Place E. Physical evidence Difficulty: Easy 48. (p. 24)  Historically, the Japanese have had poor dental care. As part of their beauty regimen, the Japanese do have a habit of lightening and whitening their skin.Teethart has developed â€Å"tooth manicure† salons, which allow Japanese to match their teeth coloration to their skin. Each treatment takes place in a small booth, which contains an ergonomically-designed chair, muted lights and New Age-style music. The walls are painted calming shade of blues and greens. Teethart uses the _____ element of its service to reduce stress associated with dental proce dures. A. Product B. Production C. Process D. Place E. Physical evidence Difficulty: Easy 49. (p. 24)  Historically, the Japanese have had poor dental care.As part of their beauty regimen, the Japanese do have a habit of lightening and whitening their skin. Teethart has developed â€Å"tooth manicure† salons, which allow Japanese to match their teeth coloration to their skin. A personalized whitening mouthpiece is developed for each patient. The mouthpiece is placed around the teeth and a cleaning solution is added. The patient listens to soothing music and sits in a comfortable chair while his or her teeth are whitened. Monthly treatments in this spa-like environment reflect the _____ element of Teethart's service mix. A. Product B. Production C. Process D. Place E. PromotionDifficulty: Easy 50. (p. 24)  Yesterday, Mike went to the dentist for his 6-month check-up. Two weeks before he went to the dentist, he called the office to make an appointment. The day before his ch eck-up, the office's receptionist called him to confirm his appointment. When Mike arrived at the office, he checked in with the receptionist and then waited in the waiting room for 15 minutes, reading a magazine, before being greeted by the dental hygienist, who escorted him to an examination room. The dentist entered the room, greeted Mike, examined Mike's teeth, took a set of x-rays and asked the dental hygienist to clean Mike's teeth.When his teeth were cleaned, the hygienist told Mike he should return in 6 months for another check-up. Mike experienced the _____ element of the dental office's services marketing mix. A. Product B. Personalization C. Process D. Place E. Physical evidence Difficulty: Easy True / False Questions 51. (p. 6)  Corn, bricks and paper clips are three examples of tangible dominant products. TRUE Difficulty: Easy 52. (p. 5)  According to the concept of derived services, the value derived from physical goods is really the service provided by the good, n ot the good itself. TRUE Difficulty: Easy 53. (p. 0)  The development of services marketing concepts has been strongly influenced by professional services like doctors and attorneys. TRUE Difficulty: Easy 54. (p. 12)  Despite the importance of services and the bottom-line profit potential for services, consumers perceive that overall the quality of service they are receiving is declining. TRUE Difficulty: Easy 55. (p. 10)  The deregulation of industries has actually lessened the demand for services marketing skills. FALSE Difficulty: Easy 56. (p. 16)  Technology is creating a demand for ethnocentric services. FALSE Difficulty: Easy 57. (p. 7)  All businesses and organizations that operate on the Internet are essentially providing a service. TRUE Difficulty: Easy 58. (p. 22)  Because a product is tangible, it cannot be inventoried. FALSE Difficulty: Easy 59. (p. 22)  Because the production and consumption of services is simultaneous, the mass production of services is d ifficult. TRUE Difficulty: Easy 60. (p. 22)  A primary issue that marketers face in relation to service perishability is ensuring service quality over time. FALSE Difficulty: Easy 61. (p. 21)  Pricing is easier when marketing services than when marketing goods. FALSE Difficulty: Easy 62. p. 24)  The seven elements of the marketing mix for services are product, promotion, place, price, process, physical evidence and people. TRUE Difficulty: Easy Short Answer Questions 63. (p. 4)  What do deeds, processes and performances have in common? Those words together define what a service is. Difficulty: Moderate 64. (p. 4)  What do tax preparation services, law offices, dental practices and architects have in common? They are all industries classified as part of the service sector. Difficulty: Moderate 65. (p. 6)  What is the key determinant of whether a product is a good or a service? Its intangibility.Difficulty: Moderate 66. (p. 6)  Luke Rison has developed a great new massag e therapy that can completely alleviate the pain produced by the typical migraine headache. He wants to patent his massages. What is wrong with this plan? A massage is a service. Services are by definition intangible. Intangibles cannot be patented. Difficulty: Moderate 67. (p. 6)  Weight loss centers provide moral support and weight-loss aids to those who believe they need to diet. The centers often use before and after pictures of their most successful cases to overcome problems associated with which service characteristic?Intangibility. Difficulty: Moderate 68. (p. 20)  Keith overheard two women comparing the way the dog groomer clipped their poodles. One claimed the groomer did not cut the hair between her dog's toes as was advertised, but that everything else about the cut was perfect. The other groused that the groomer left the hair on her dog's tail too long, but at least the hair on his feet had been cut. Which characteristic of service were the two women discussing? Het erogeneous. Difficulty: Moderate 69. (p. 21, 22)  Briefly explain why it is impossible to mass produce a service.Services are typically produced and consumed at the same time. Difficulty: Moderate 70. (p. 22)  Imagine you own an ice skating rink that operates in Aspen, Colorado. What is your primary concern when considering service perishability? Your inability to create an inventory when demand for your service is low. Difficulty: Moderate 71. (p. 22)  Maria Kingsley is a fortune teller. She is concerned because today two of her clients missed their appointments to have her read their Tarot cards and she had plans for the money she would have earned. With which characteristic of services is Kingsley most concerned?Perishability. Difficulty: Moderate 72. (p. 24)  A service provider is studying other services to see how they achieve and maintain service quality. The service provider has looked at nurses, concierges, massage therapists and department store customer service rep resentatives. With which element of the services marketing mix is the service provider concerned? People. Difficulty: Moderate 73. (p. 24)  Which elements of the services marketing mix are influenced by the techniques used to recruit and train new employees as telemarketers? People and process. Difficulty: Moderate 74. (p. 4)  Which element of the services marketing mix is influenced by the health inspector's report that is prominently displayed in all restaurants? Physical evidence. Difficulty: Moderate 75. (p. 24)  Which elements of the services marketing mix is being used when the guy preparing pizzas in the front window of an Italian restaurant tosses the pizza dough in the air? People and process. Difficulty: Moderate 76. (p. 24)  An airline is concerned with whether its passengers are satisfied with how their luggage is handled before, during and after a flight. With which element of the services marketing mix is the airline concerned?Process. Difficulty: Moderate 77. (p. 16)  How are customers and employees responding to the proliferation of technology-based services? Technology is providing vehicles for delivering existing services in more accessible, convenient, productive ways. Technology facilitates basic customer service functions such as bill paying and order tracking. Technology also facilitates transactions by offering a direct vehicle for making purchases. Technology also gives customers access to a wealth of information. Through self-service technologies, customers can serve themselves more effectively.On the downside, customers worry about privacy and the confidentiality of their personal information. Customer technology readiness is also an issue with some customers who prefer to be laggards. With technology infusion, there is a loss of human interaction, which may be seen as a negative by both customers and employees. For employees, technology can provide tremendous support in making them more efficient and effective in delivering services. Customer relationship management and sales support software are broad categories of software that can aid front-line employees in providing better service.Employees can use the information available through technology to customize services and create greater customer satisfaction. Not all employees are eager to integrate technology into their work life either because they don't want to change or they don't see value in the new technology. Difficulty: Challenging 78. (p. 17)  What does it mean when someone says, â€Å"The Internet is a service†? All businesses and organizations that operate on the Internet are essentially providing services-whether they are giving information, performing basic, service functions or facilitating transactions.Thus, all the tools, concepts and strategies learned in studying services marketing have direct application to e-business. Although the Internet has changed how people do business and what offerings are possible, it is clear th at what customers still want is basic services. Difficulty: Challenging 79. (p. 20-22)  List the four characteristics of service and discuss how each would impact the marketing of a chain of fitness centers that is being started by six former Olympic athletes. Student answers will vary.They need to look at intangibility, heterogeneity, simultaneous production and consumption and perishability issues and relate each to its marketing implications listed in Table 1. 2. The following is a possible answer. Intangibility-If they develop some unique weight-training or aerobic exercise program, they cannot be patent it. Moreover, it could be easily copied by competitors. The service itself is difficult to promote because they can only show the results of using their fitness center.Pricing will also be complex because of the intangibility of service-people have to believe they are getting their money's worth. Heterogeneity-Employees must be carefully trained and even then inconsistency of service is a possibility, especially if an employee has to work overtime. There are many uncontrollable factors that determine the effectiveness of the fitness center, including the motivation level of the customers. There is no way the athletes can be sure customers are receiving the services exactly as they are being promoted-what if an aerobics instructor is sick.Simultaneous production and consumption-Patrons who sign up but don't attend miss the benefits of the program as do patrons who talk others into boycotting instructors who require a full commitment. Employees who are not committed to fitness and miss exercise classes also can cause problems. Perishability-Fluctuating attendance in terms of time of day and day of week will make it difficult to provide the service. If members are not there at the time the class is offered, that class cannot be resold. Difficulty: Challenging 80. (p. 24, 25)  Stakeholders are defined as all the people who have an interest in the success o r failure of a firm.With this definition in mind, comment on the following statement: â€Å"All stakeholders are a part of the people element of the services marketing mix†. People who would have an interest in the success or failure of an organization would include its employees, suppliers, stockholders, distributors, legislators and government officials, consumer advocates and people in the community. The people element includes all human actors who play a part in service delivery. Therefore, the two terms are not typically synonymous. The people element of a service is limited to employees and customers. Difficulty: Challenging