The True Gentlemen of Great Expectations Essay -- Great Expectations

The True Gentlemen of Great Expectations In Victorian society, a adult male was brought up from birth, molded and manipulated to act, dress, talk, and live as true gentility. Upon reaching adulthood, these gentlemen were expected to convey themselves as society dictated. What happens, however, when a man of lower social stature wishes to become a gentleman, and suddenly finds himself in a position to do so? He now has the financial standing, but lacks the social etiquette that a true gentleman possesses. Whom can he turn to for a role model and management? This is exactly the situation stumble is faced with in the novel Great Expectations. When he first arrives in London, aspiring to be a gentleman, Matthew Pocket, Wemmick, and Herbert Pocket offer the best examples of true gentlemen. Matthew Pocket displays the qualities of a gentleman as a hardworking tutor and a patient husband. Although he does not posses a majuscule deal of wealth, Mr. Pocket houses well-to- do pupils, such as Startop and Drummle, and conducts himself in a gentlemanly manner. His passion for learning and knowledge is fervent, but his perseverance in Pips culture is even greater. Pip comments that, ...he was always so zealous and honor open in fulfilling his compact with me that he made me zealous and honorable in fulfilling my compact with him.(196). Although Pip learned to be hardworking in the forge, Matthew Pocket teaches him to work for the sake of others. Matthews married life is quite a different story. His wife is so eccentric, adleheadded, and unskilled that he constantly lifts himself up by his hair. His patience with his wife, day in and day out, is extraordinary. For example, Mrs. Pocket doesnt greet Pip with ... ...n loyal. In order to be able to live as a gentleman, Pip learns from the examples set by Matthew Pocket, Wemmick, and Herbert Pocket. Each contributes his own qualities to shed a different light on how a gentleman conducts himself. All contribute to help Pip become what he is at the end of the book, a true gentleman at last. Works Cited and Consulted Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. Ed. Edgar Rosenberg. parvenu York Norton, 1999. French, A.L Imprisonment The Case of Great Expectations. Discussions of Charles Dickens, 82-92. William R. Clark, ed. Boston D.C. Heath & Co., 1961. Russell, Frazier. When I Was A Child- An Introduction to Great Expectations. Yahoo Homepage, 1. Penguin Reading Guides, 7 Nov. 2000. <www.penguinputnam.com/academic/classics/rguides/dickens/frame.html>.

The Effects of Bullying on Student Achievement Essay -- Education

In todays world there are many laws that have been established in order to hold dear everyday civilians from being harmed or robbed of their possessions or piece of mind. However, in school, children play by different rules. Rules do not seem as imperative as say a law being broken. For example, imagine if it did not matter what the robber stole, but how much he took that lets him off the hook. One would still be upset that his valuables were interfered with without permission. This scenario can be compared to push around and how adults sometimes overlook the seriousness of the effects (no matter how big or small) it can have on a student and his or her achievements. Sometimes intimidation is acknowledged, but is ultimately cast off as mere childs play, but it can cause so much more. A bullying incident does not stop in the school yard simply because a teacher puts an end to it bullying must be addressed from all angles of parents, guardians, media, and everyday civilians that ar e childrens immediate examples of proper ways to behave. Again, bullying spans beyond school walls and cannot ultimately be controlled by teacher discipline alone. The effects bullying can have on student achievement may interfere with their life choices, their physical and affable stability, and of course their future behaviors as a reaction to such behavior that was shown to them.It is arguable that broken citizenship among students is not as harmful as everyday citizens break common laws, but I argue that it is. However, this paper is not to argue it is to inform every one of the issue at hand, so that it may be reduced, and that can only be done with harmony, not coercion, or plainly bullying. What exactly is bullying, to the extent that I am spea... ...l abuse. However, it is not a situation goop to occurring in school, it happens outside as well the effects of it are simply more noticeable through the results of student work or lack thereof. If bullying is not addressed, d ropout rates, youth suicide, and lack of positive future leaders are in store for future generations of education.Works CitedBullying. Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, 2012.Web. 16 April 2012.Kritsonis, W. PhD. School Discipline The contrivance of Survival. Mansfield, Ohio BookMasters, Inc.1999. Print.Meyer, E. Gender, Bullying, and Harassment Strategies to End Sexism and Homophobia in Schools. NewYork Teachers College Press. 2009. Print.Singer, L. Jerome, and Dorothy G. Singer. Television, Imagination, and Aggression A Study ofPreschoolers. Hillsdale, New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1989. Print.

Waterford Crystal A Case Analysis :: essays research papers

Waterford CrystalWaterford fruitcake was started by two brothers, George and William Penrose, in 1783. It was the most notable of all Irish crystallizing companies. In 1799, the Penrose brothers sold Waterford blur to the Gatchell family. The crystal industry was prosperous until 1825. Irish glass manufacturers began to slowly close due to high export duties, the economic depression, and a lack of capital. Waterford Glass was the plump to close in 1851. It was reestablished nearly a century later by Charles Bacik and Bernard Fitzpatrick. In 1947, they set up a factory in Waterford, Ireland. A bend point in the companys history came in 1950 when Joe McGrath made a sizable investment in Waterford Glass. He invested the capital needed to convert the small crystal manufacturing company into one with the potential to become a major player in the crystal industry. This investment gave his family control for the next thirty-five years. Joe McGrath was committed to Ireland and providin g jobs for his country. He wanted to reduce the countrys high unemployment level. His focus for Waterford Glass was on growing the company through exports to the United States. In 1966, Joe McGraths son, paddy field McGrath, took over oversight of Waterford Glass. same his father, he was dedicated to Ireland and to providing employment opportunities for the Irish. McGraths quest to provide more jobs for the Irish led him to diversify the company. By 1983, the company had acquired more than thirty non-core businesses. To reflect the expansion, management changed the companys name to Waterford Glass Group. In 1985, Paddy McGrath resigned as chairman of Waterford Glass. Concurrent with Paddy McGraths resignation, Paddy Hayes was appointed chairman and CEO of Waterford Glass Group. He immediately began to sell off the non-core businesses in an effort to reduce the companys high debt level. Waterford Glasss debt was virtually eliminated with the issue of American Depository Shares (AD S) on the United States NASDAQ market. On November 28, 1986, Waterford Glass acquired Wedgwood, a two hundred year old manufacturer and marketer of fine bone china. Paddy Hayes was named the chairman and CEO of both companies and Paddy Byrne was appointed CEO of Wedgwood. In 1989, the companys name was changed to Waterford Wedgwood. Three divisions were created as a result of this acquisition the Waterford Crystal division, the Wedgwood division, and the Creative Tableware division. In 1989, Paddy Hayes resigned from his rank as chairman and CEO of Waterford

Ernest Hemingway Essay -- essays research papers

Ernest Hemingway A Literary MarvelOne generation passeth away, and another generation cometh but the earth abideth forever . . . The sun in like manner ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to the place where he arose . . . The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to his circuits . . . .All the rivers run into the sea ye the sea is not in full unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again. (Ecclesiastes 14-7)Ernest Hemingways style of writing is a unique form. In almost all of his novels the protagonist is a war veteran, which he himself was. He was cognise to travel the world. These places sparked the imagination to create novels that led to a Nobel Prize for literature. To better understand the impact of Ernest Hemingway as an American author, one must have a description of his background, a critical analysis of his work The Sun Also Rises, and his impac t and importance upon the literary world. Ernest Hemingway was known as a simple, creative writer and person. Leonard Unger wrote, He had an extraordinary reputation as a colorful human being. He was born July 2, 1899 in oak tree Park, Illinois. His father Dr. Clarence Ed Hemingway was a physician, and his mother, Grace, taught piano and voice lessons. He spent summers in upper Michigan, where he found a passion for hunting and fishing. by and by graduating from Oak Park High, ...

Jack Kevorkian Essay -- essays research papers fc

After talks with her save, sons, minister, and local doctors Janet Adkins decided she didnt want to undergo the sustained cordial deterioration that Alzheimers Disease caused (Uhlman 111). She began to realize she had the disease when she started forgetting songs and failed to recognize notes as she played the piano (Filene 188). She read in Newsweek about Dr. Jack Kevorkian and his Mercitron machine, then power saw him on the Donahue Television show (Filene 188). With her husbands consent but objections by sons and doctors, she telephoned him to arrange to kill herself (Filene 188). She still had a life expectancy of at least ten years with the illness, but she wished to die. She wanted to die before the disease robbed her of her competence (Larson 229). Kevorkian later killed Adkins and faced the consequences boldly (Hendin, Suicide in the States 247). The background, process, and effects of Dr. Kevorkians questionable first patient, Janet Adkins, have a very detailed story in them.&9Janet Adkins led a very fertile life up to and even after she had been diagnosed with Alzheimers, but she couldnt handle losing control of her brain (Filene 188). She was 54 years old and lived in a pixilated Oregon suburb with her stock broker husband, Ron. She was also the mother of three sons, taught English and piano, went hang gliding, trekked in Nepal, climbed Mount Hood, and generally behaved with a lot of cipher (Gutmann 20). She and her husband were longtime Hemlock society members, which advocates Euthanasia in some cases (Betzold 22). convolutes at a Portland hospital told her that eventually she would be dependent on her husband for feeding and bathing (Gutmann 21). She did not want to take her own life in case she messed it up, and her own doctors wouldnt help her (Hendin , Seduced by Death 132). though she was still able to carry on clear conversations and demolish her son at tennis her husband explained that if she was going to go, shed probably want to go to soon rather than to late (Gutmann 21). After hearing about Kevorkian, Ron Adkins contacted him to employ his services (Wolfson 56). Her husband complained to Dr. Kevorkian that he had to remind her of the times of her tennis lessons, and that she kept go forth her purse in the house. After the brief conversation, Kevorkian agreed to meet with her (Gutmann 20). Dr. Kevorkian was a ret... ...termining how ill she was. Also the method of which he carried out the suicide raised questions (Hendin, Seduced by Death 130). Among supporters of Euthanasia he became something of an antiestablishment here (Larson 230). This was the first of over a hundred assisted suicides that he would perform (Uhlman 111).  &9Works CitedBetzold, Michael. The Selling of Doctor Death. New Republic 26 May 1997 22-28.Fessenden, Ford. Matters of Life and Death. Newsday 10 June 1995 7.Filene, Peter. In the Arms of Others. Chicago Ivan R. Dee, 1998.Gutmann, Stephanie. Death and the Maiden. New Republic 24 June 1996 20-22.Hamel, Robert. Must We possess Our Way to Death. Texas Southern Methodist Press, &9&9&91996.Hendin, Herbert. Seduced by Death. New York W.W. Norton and Company, 1997.Hendin, Herbert. Suicide in America. New York W.W. Norton and Company, 1995.Larson, Edward. A Different Death. Illinois Intervarsity Press, 1998.Uhlman, Michael. Last Rights. uppercase D.C. Ethics and Public Policy Center, &9&9&91998.Wolfson, Adam. Killing of the Dying. The Public Interest Spring 1998 56.

Jack Kevorkian Essay -- essays research papers fc

afterward talks with her husband, sons, minister, and local doctors Janet Adkins decided she didnt pauperism to undergo the sustained mental deterioration that Alzheimers Disease caused (Uhlman 111). She began to go through she had the disease when she started forgetting songs and failed to recognize notes as she played the piano (Filene 188). She read in Newsweek about Dr. Jack Kevorkian and his Mercitron machine, then saw him on the Donahue Television show (Filene 188). With her husbands consent only when objections by sons and doctors, she telephoned him to arrange to kill herself (Filene 188). She still had a life expectancy of at least ten years with the illness, but she wished to die. She wanted to die before the disease robbed her of her competence (Larson 229). Kevorkian later killed Adkins and faced the consequences boldly (Hendin, Suicide in America 247). The background, process, and effects of Dr. Kevorkians questionable setoff patient, Janet Adkins, have a very det ailed story in them.&9Janet Adkins led a very productive life up to and even afterward she had been diagnosed with Alzheimers, but she couldnt handle losing control of her brain (Filene 188). She was 54 years old and lived in a wealthy Oregon suburb with her stock divisor husband, Ron. She was also the mother of three sons, taught English and piano, went hang gliding, trekked in Nepal, climbed Mount Hood, and generally behaved with a lot of energy (Gutmann 20). She and her husband were longtime Hemlock club members, which advocates Euthanasia in some cases (Betzold 22). Doctors at a Portland hospital told her that eventually she would be dependent on her husband for feeding and bathing (Gutmann 21). She did not want to take her own life in case she messed it up, and her own doctors wouldnt help her (Hendin , Seduced by Death 132). Though she was still able to carry on clear conversations and demolish her son at tennis her husband explained that if she was going to go, shed probab ly want to go to soon rather than to late (Gutmann 21). After hearing about Kevorkian, Ron Adkins contacted him to employ his services (Wolfson 56). Her husband complained to Dr. Kevorkian that he had to remind her of the times of her tennis lessons, and that she kept leaving her purse in the house. After the apprise conversation, Kevorkian agreed to meet with her (Gutmann 20). Dr. Kevorkian was a ret... ...termining how ill she was. Also the method of which he carried out the suicide raised questions (Hendin, Seduced by Death 130). Among supporters of Euthanasia he became something of an antiestablishment here (Larson 230). This was the first of over a hundred assisted suicides that he would perform (Uhlman 111).  &9Works CitedBetzold, Michael. The Selling of Doctor Death. New Republic 26 whitethorn 1997 22-28.Fessenden, Ford. Matters of Life and Death. Newsday 10 June 1995 7.Filene, Peter. In the Arms of Others. Chicago Ivan R. Dee, 1998.Gutmann, Stephanie. Death and th e Maiden. New Republic 24 June 1996 20-22.Hamel, Robert. Must We Suffer Our Way to Death. Texas Southern Methodist Press, &9&9&91996.Hendin, Herbert. Seduced by Death. New York W.W. Norton and Company, 1997.Hendin, Herbert. Suicide in America. New York W.W. Norton and Company, 1995.Larson, Edward. A Different Death. Illinois Intervarsity Press, 1998.Uhlman, Michael. Last Rights. Washington D.C. Ethics and Public Policy Center, &9&9&91998.Wolfson, Adam. Killing of the Dying. The Public Interest Spring 1998 56.

Language changes during the play Essay

Sheila takes the inspectors lessons to heart, and appears changed by the incident. In Act Two, Sheila sums up the whole familys reactions to the testers questions. She reminds them of the greed, jealousy and selfishness they conduct all shown. It means we have no excuse now for putting on airs. This is just the start of the speech and she admits responsibility but is rattling frustrated that the others take int. She has clearly changed.The auditory modality will have noticed a dramatic change in her psycheality. She has been affected a lot by the death. She has changed from a jolly and self-centred person to a conscious and very transgressiony person.If any(prenominal) of the characters were going to change, or learn from the mistakes it would be Sheila. She shows a great deal of interest in Eva metalworker/Daisy Rentons death right from the start and throughout. She also feels a lot of guilt and is the only character that is sorry. Her maturity date during the interview is much higher than any other character as she is the only one to accept responsibility. Sheila is also the only one who emphasizes her mistake by saying she was very jealous.Sheilas voice communication changes during the play. She starts off speaking like a child, using words like mummy. She also typically squabbles with her brother. Her language begins to mature and become much more knockout during the questioning and after. She begins to take control with the Inspector, trying to help them understand their part in the girls death.Priestley wants the audience, again to understand that simpley is very important. But also that everybody is obligated for each other. Society depends on responsibility for others and Sheilas character should highlight this.Eric is a spoilt, moody and irresponsible man. (Sulkily) Im all right. Eric is sulking when he utters this arguing and it gives the impression that he is very young. This is because a lot of children sulk when they are unhappy and Eric is being very childish in doing this. This shows immaturity.I dont give a damn now whether I stay here or not. This suggests his immaturity and selfishness. He isnt in the best of moods after what happens and gets very moody and out of control. Eric lacks self-discipline. His immaturity during this encounter shows much more than the rest and so does his lack of self-discipline. He is old enough to know better.(Almost threatening her) You dont understand anyaffair. You never did. You never even tried you. This is the worst of Erics anger he does end up calming down. Eric is very inconvenience by the situation and cannot handle it. He is also very guilty and he does understand the mistake he has made. This is a rare bit of maturity from Eric.Though he is not a pleasant character, we may feel that he has learnt a lesson, that he is sincerely ashamed of his behaviour and he is surefooted of changing for the better. (Unhappily) My God Im not likely to forget. Eric is aware of th e mistake he has made and feels a lot of shame and guilt. Like Sheila, Eric has wise to(p) his lesson and they both will learn their lesson. However, their parents dont feels the way they do and dont think anybody has done anything wrong, and this is what really frustrates Eric.Eric is the youngest child in the family and this is pretty noticeable because he speaks with great immaturity. He is rude and very hard to get on with. He uses demanding but very childish words, as if to blow up attention. But his attitude and language change when the inspector questions him, and unlike most of the others, feels a lot of guilt, shame and wants to learn from his mistakes. Even when they find out the Inspector might have been a fake he still remained remorseful and full of pity.Priestley may have used Eric to represent the idea that nobody is perfect. skill from mistakes will make you a much better person. Eric has done a lot of things wrong during his life, being rude and impolite to fami ly members and also thieving and deceiving others. He has without doubt the worst history but he is mature enough to learn from this. Priestley may have also used Eric to represent the emotions that, if the audience were in a similar situation, might act like. He gets frustrated that his parents wont accept his guilt and does tend to lash out.Priestley uses the Inspector to convey his own ideas roughly honourableity to the audience. Rather than representing a real person, his character represents the abstract idea of human conscience, which ensures consideration and responsibility for others. He calls himself Inspector Goole. The word Goole has connotations of being ghostly, phantasmal and non-human. Priestley could have wanted the inspector to be a kind of ghost and play on the characters conscience.We get the sense that he is some kind of sorcerous force. Being called Goole gives the audience some idea he may not be real but he manages to control the situation and dominate the situation. He gets into the characters conscience and makes them reveal all. He does this by asking demanding short questions. Well? This question is very short but has so much power to it. He speaks as though he was a boss talking to an employer, or as if he was a teacher speaking to a student. He gets so much out of the characters by asking one-liners like this. This also shows confidence, Inspector Goole now believes he has taken control, which he Cleary has done, and starts to use these demanding questions.He is not frightened to contradict and be rude to his social superiors. (Cutting in) Never mind about that. The quote shows the inspector interrupting the flow of the conversation. The family would obviously not approve of butting in as they are supposed to be such a polite and well-bred family. By inspector Goole showing no fear in doing this it shows his dominance. He sets himself up as the boss in the whole situation right from the start and this is something Mr and Mrs B irling find hard to deal with.Priestley wants the audience to ask themselves how responsible are we for others in society? He uses five different characters with five very different reactions to the situation. Mr Birling feels he has nothing to do with the death and the girl is at fault. Mrs Birling doesnt want anything to do with it and she doesnt have the time.Sheila on the other hand reacts totally differently from Mr and Mrs Birling, she is very sorry for what she has done. She seems very fire in the whole situation. She shows a lot of emotion and promises she will learn from her mistakes.Gerald makes it quite clear that he is sorry for what he had done but shows subaltern emotion. He does remain very honest throughout. Though when he finds out the inspector was a fake he starts to show less and less guilt and much more relief. Eric is certainly the most emotional of all the characters. He is very sorry and upset by the whole situation. We can tell by his reaction that he is t he youngest in the family, as he becomes very moody and frustrated, at some point he almost breaks down. Its like the whole thing is too much for him to handle. Like Sheila he definitely learns his lessen and is willing to change.Now, the audience can look at each character and think, which one am I most like? Would I feel guilty? Would I be emotional and very sorry? Would I remain very honest? These are all questions Priestley wants the audience to ask themselves. Overall, the main question is, how responsible are we for others in society?In my opinion Priestley succeeded in getting this moral question across. He certainly encouraged me to ask myself these questions.

Comparison between The Tell-tale Heart Essay

The put-Tale essence was written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1843. Famous for his scary novels Poes approximately famous work was the short story, The Tell-Tale Heart which depicts an anonymous storyteller as he carries out his plan to implementation a helpless old man. ill luck was written by Stephen King in 1987 and it follows a similar theme of horror/thriller with similar characters in similar positions. King tells the story of a famous author as he gets captured and tortured by a woman.Both of these stories practice session different techniques through their bandage, language and punctuation mark alone they thrust much(prenominal) the same movement on the ratifier. In both stories, one of the underlying techniques for building up unbelief is hidden inside a well imagination out and structured plot. In trial, the narrative switches back and forth between capital of Minnesota the author, and his kidnapper, who is known scarcely as Annie. This creates the main source of suspense in the story building it up by showing where each character is, what theyre doing and how close theyre getting to each other.What adds to this suspense is the effect of perceive Pauls thoughts directly. Even though the extract is written in third person, a fraction of the text is written in italics and it represents Pauls thoughts. The writer does this for several reasons. To show things from Pauls aim of view and what he is ciphering at the time in more detail , besides likewise to underline how worried and panicked he is as things start to go wrong. By hearing Pauls thoughts directly the ratifier gets to visit how fearful Paul is of getting caught. overly concealed between the lines of the plot is the focusing the writer stresses the high stakes of what Paul was doing and what leave alone happen to him if hes caught. Right at the beginning of the extract, Paul compares what is happening to him, to his past childhood experience. through and through this compariso n, the writer introduces the possible sentiment of Paul getting caught and what provide happen to him if he is. The flashback takes the reader back to when Paul had been twelve and decided to try some of his mothers cigarettes. As the room filled with smoke, his dumb returned in search for her forgotten purse.We are non told about what his mother did to him when she caught him, plainly you end guess from the run-in It will be more than a spanking this time that it was going to be bad. This tells us that if he is caught by Annie in present day he would have to face terrible consequences. Paul compares these to situations because in both hes attempting something and difficult not to get caught. In the flashback he does get caught, giving a sense of foreboding to the succour of the story, making the reader think he might get caught again.The high stakes are also shown throughout the extract in Pauls actions and thoughts. His desperation in his attempts to get back into the roo m and lock the door and his attention to detail show how scared he is of getting caught, because of what he thinks will happen to him if he is. Oh Jesus Christ, did you chip the paint, did you leave a track. His thoughts also scream fear and anxiety in the way punctuation similar question label, exclamation marks and pauses are utilize. did she hear that? She must have must have heard that These things are utilize very effectively as Paul stumbles upon problem upon problem as he attempts to return to the living room after failing to escape from his prison. He must leave everything the way it was to avoid suspicion from Annie, his kidnapper. However his luck doesnt take inm to be doing him any favours whilst Annie pulls up the driveway. His first problem was getting into the living room the wheelchair was a very tight fit. On his first go he crashed into the side, The wheelchair thumped against the right side of the doorway and bounced back a little.His reaction to this was one of large(p) terror and panic, Did you chip the pain? His mind screamed at him. On his second try he got jammed in the doorway and wouldnt budge. The amount of motility he put in getting through shows the reader how scared he was of the cost of getting caught. The muscles in his arms quivering like upset(a) violin strings. The other problem that he encounters is made clear to the reader, as Paul tries to close the door of living room. The door must be closed and locked in order to leave everything the way it was before Annie left it and avoid suspicion.However whilst pushing the lock back with his thumb he meets an obstruction. Through panicked deduction he realizes the bobby pin he had origin eithery used to unlock the door was stuck in the keyhole, stopping the lock from going back inside. These events make for greatly to the suspense of the extract by giving Paul more chance of getting caught and keeping the story thrilling and fast- one thousandd. In terms of pace I think tha t in Misery, as Paul encounters several problems on his return to the room, the story is more fast-paced and exciting than The Tell-Tale Heart.In comparison with Misery, The Tell-Tale Heart is extremely slow and unhurried because as it is first person the fibber is describing everything in full detail and all his thoughts at the time. Plus most of the murder involved waiting. At the end of the extract Paul overcomes all his problems exactly as he sat in his wheelchair awaiting the untimely arrival of Annie, he looks pop up and realises that the box of Novrils is still in his lap. The box of Novrils was still in his lap. This final fourth dimension in its simplistic form puts an end to Pauls series of unfortunate events in a great climax of suspense.The sentence is short and straightforward, leaving the reader to work out what will happen for themselves. on that point was no way Paul could do anything with the box without being seen because Annie was just on the other side of th e living room door. If she found him with the Novrils (which were fictional painkillers) she would be able to guess what he was doing whilst she was out and he would have to pay the dire consequences of his actions. From the extract, the way Paul was reacting to every detail of the room, you would fear the worst for his life.The sentence finishes the extract with an ominous feeling for what will happen to Paul when discovered, leaving the story with a suspenseful cliff-hanger. In The Tell-Tale Heart, the way the plot builds up tautness lies solely with the narrator and the way he recounts the story of how he killed an old man. The narrator starts the story by trying to convince and persuade the reader that he is indeed sane and not mad. This in itself is mysterious what had he done that needed persuasion on others behalf to credit as sane. The narrator then introduces the idea of a murder by first establishing the motive behind the crime.The narrator states that he killed the old m an (the victim) whom he loved, on the basis that he had and nerve that resembled that of a vulture. I think it was his eye Yes it was this One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture-a pale blue eye with a film over it The motive is risible and in no way should it inspire an act of murder. By first introducing the idea of a murder through the murderers motive, the writer allows the reader to make up their opinion on the sanity of the narrator at the beginning of the story whilst enticing the readers imagination leaving them inquire what else this madman will do.So already the reader would have a set opinion on the narrator, and the narrators behaviour throughout the relaxation of the short story would do nothing but solidify their suspicions of a troubled individual who is mentally ill. This is not only because he/she is constantly trying to prove their genius thinking behind the murder, but also because they believe that this genius and cunning must surely grant them their sani ty. Would a madman have been as wise as this? At the end of the story the narrator (lulled into a false sense of security by his soon to be passing success) permits the entry of several policeman into the very room where he had committed the murder, after they came knocking to investigate a mysterious noise heard by one of the neighbours. Not only does he let them sit in the room, but also on the very floorboards where the cut up parts of the shortly body lay hidden beneath. Though this just maybe a sign of over-confidence, it is bordering on unwiseness and another reason for the reader to doubt the assessment of the narrator.If all this strange behaviour isnt enough to chill the reader, then the murderer hallucinating should be. His guilty conscious gets the break down of him and he thinks he can hear the imaginary beating of the stopped optic of the dead old man. The narrator succumbs to the noise by confessing to the clueless police sitting in foregoing of him, that he had killed the old man who had lived here. Villains I shrieked, Dissemble me no more I admit the deed -tear up the planks -here, here it is the beating of his hideous heart The narrators insane behaviour throughout the story adds to the horror atmosphere of the text.As a final sentence, I would say that Misery end better than The Tell-Tale Heart in terms of suspense, because it leaves more unexplained questions in readers mind. This is probably because Misery is an extract and still in the gist of its story, and The Tell-Tale Heart finishes with its last line. As an ending I do believe that the final sentence of The Tell-Tale Heart is satisfying as it gives the reader the bare marginal information for the reader to deduce what happens to the murderer after he confesses instead of just saying that he was arrested and went to prison.After analysing both plots, overall I think that the plot of the Misery extract builds up tension better than The Tell-Tale Heart solely on the belief tha t it is its faster-paced therefore much more exciting. The effect of the chosen narrative for The Tell Tale Heart, which is first person and from the narrators point of view, lets the reader into his/her mind and see their motives and thinking behind an rude crime. First person is perfect for The Tell Tale Heart because looking into the murderers mind is exactly what the reader needs to get a proper grasp of the plot.The disadvantages however, are you do not get to find out the gender of the murder because its all I did this and I did that. Also you dont find out what the old man is feeling or what he is thinking. For Misery however third person is used and that also suits the story quite well. This way youre aware of both Paul and Annies actions at the same time. If it was first person and from Pauls point of view, since Paul couldnt have known exactly where Annie was and what she was doing and how close she was, the reader would be clueless and the main way the plot builds up ten sion would be gone.If it was from Pauls point of view, the focus of the narrative will no longer switch between Paul and Annie, therefore eliminating one of the ways the plot creates a graspping atmosphere and seriously lowering the suspense levels. The disadvantages of third person are made up for by being able to see Pauls thoughts directly. Other than the plot, language is the main source of suspense used to create the atmosphere of the two texts. In Misery, the writer has chosen to use individually effective words that remind the reader of death whilst describing something that is completely unrelated.Phrases such as stopped dead and inside the guts of the lock and Wasnt it enough she killed the phone? In all these occasions, the writer couldve used simple, non-death associated words, but instead he used the words dead, guts and killed. All these words inspire the thought of death in the readers brain, and although it is not directly mentioned it subconsciously arouses the ide a of Pauls death in the readers mind. This adds to the overall horror and suspense of the extract.In The Tell-Tale Heart individual words are also used to set the conception of the text but in a different way. Instead of death-connected words, the writer has used long and soft sounding words to slow the pace of the story and soothe the mood. I undid the lantern cautiously oh, so cautiously cautiously The use of the word cautiously, which is a long and soothing word, slows the pace of the story down and set s a calm atmosphere. In terms of adding suspense to the text, I believe that Miserys use of death-related words is more effective.In that sentence, the other thing that calms the mood is the use of repetition. As the narrator repeats the word cautiously, it shows the fact the narrator was cautious and it shows the narrators arrogance in their actions. However repetition is used for other purposes throughout the short story. It grew faster and quicker, and louder and louder e very instant . . . It grew louder I say, louder every moment This phrase contains a lot of repetition as the narrator is trying to stress how quick and loud the beating heart was.The repetition also allows the writer to show how agitated the narrator is getting, because of the fact it was getting quicker and louder, but also because he thinks that the reader doesnt believe him. A clear sign of insanity. In Misery repetition is used for similar reasons, but instead of agitation its to show the characters desperation, in phrases like Caught Im caught Please God, no God dont let her loss me God and Come on . . . Come on . . . Come on. In the first quote the repetition of the word God shows that hes really desperate and has started to pray to God to help him.The second quote is similar as he is repeating the words come on as he gets more and more distressed. In misery what are also used to emphasize a point are superlatives like in the grip of the greatest terror he had ever known. Thi s superlative highlights how bad the experience was for Paul. I believe that The Tell-Tale Hearts use of repetition is more effective than Misery because not only does it build up suspense but also it shows signs of madness in the narrators behaviour which does not occur in Misery. This helps the plot on the whole build up tension.There is a great variety of long and short sentences in both stories. In both pieces of text short sentences are used to slow the pace of the text down. In the Tell Tale Heart it shows that the narrator is calm and unrushed. But even yet I refrained and kept the lantern still. I scarcely breathed. I held the lantern motionless. However, in misery short sentences are used to emphasize whats happening in the sentence. It was her. This sentence just highlights the fact that it was Annie pulling up the driveway, and it makes the reader think about the consequences of these events.Although both are successful in creating suspense, I believe that Misery is more effective. Long sentences are usually used to keep the story going and build up the suspense. In Misery however, long sentences also show that Paul is panicked and rushed. He sat in his chair, eyes half -closed, hoping madly that he had gotten the chair back where it had been(or at least close enough to it so she wouldnt notice), hoping that she would take his drenched face and quivering body simply as reactions to missing his medication, hoping most of all that he hadnt left a track.This humungous sentence shows how worried Paul is of getting caught and its a great way to build the suspense because it allows no pauses. In The Tell-Tale Heart, long sentences arent used as effectively to build up suspense. In both pieces of text, there is a lot of punctuation used effectively to add horror and tension. The Tell-Tale Heart is first person and from the narrators point of view, so exclamation marks and capitals are used for his thoughts when he is angry and or shocked. They heard -they suspected -they KNEW -they were making a mockery of his horror The exclamation marks and capitals are emphasizing his thoughts, showing his indignation and disbelief, whilst the dashes allow no pause and add suspense as he moves from one revelation to another. In other occasions, exclamations are used to show the narrators surprise and wonder at his own brilliance and ingenuity. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in The Misery extract however, contained only a couple of exclamations, used only to show that Annie was shouting to Paul in the living room so they were less effective than ones in The Tell Tale Heart.In The Tell-Tale Heart, because the narrator is recounting a story, it is most as if he is having a conversation with the reader. At the beginning of the story, the narrator begins by asking numerous questions on whether or not the reader believed he was mad or not. How then am I mad? The effect of these questions and question marks makes the rea der feel as if he had contradicted the narrator in some way and the narrator was having an argument with them. This is a good way to show the madness of the narrator from right at the start of the story.Question marks are also used in Misery however for different reasons. Phrases such as did you chip the paint? and did you leave a track? are used as another way to show Pauls desperation but also to show his own uncertainty as he starts to panic. For these reasons I believe the use of question marks is better in Misery than in The Tell-Tale Heart. Another aspect of the punctuation in Misery is the use of pauses. Come on . . . come on . . . come on and Never . . . never in time . . .Shell hear are two good examples of where the writer has used pauses to give a sense of desperation and anxiety to Pauls thoughts. To fold this essay, I would have to say that the extract from Misery by Stephen King is more effective than The Tell-Tale Heart in the way it creates an atmosphere of horror and suspense. It does this by using and expert blend of individually effectual words, well structured plot, effective narrative, well thought out and carefully placed punctuation, and a astray range of long and short sentences.Although The Tell Tale Heart does contain most of the techniques stated above, one thing I think Misery does better, and what makes it the better piece of text, is hidden inside its suspenseful plot line where Paul is constantly in a state of desperation and anxiety and in almost immediate danger. This I think is lacking in The Tell-Tale Heart, the sense of immediate danger, and is what makes the extract from Misery the perfect horror/suspense text.

School of Athens by Raphael Analization

The rail Of Athens by Raphael Nii Teiko Tagoe 9/11/12 LBTS 1105 The School of Athens by Raphael is a painting that re each(prenominal)y relates to classical philosophy and humanism. It is one of the superior paintings in the high Renaissance, and it was painted in one of the greatest most extraordinarily decorated rooms in the Vatican, the name of the room was the Stanza della Segnatura. The school of Athens was painted by Raphael between 1508 and 1511, and it was right around the cadence Michelangelo was painting the 16th chapel.One of the things that makes this painting so special is that The School of Athens represents all the greatest mathematicians, philosophers and scientists from classical antiquity ga on that taperd together sharing their ideas and breeding from each other. These figures all lived at different times, but here they be gathered together under one roof. The painting consists of generic and geometric shapes there is a good balance of both in the painting. One of the first things that stand out to me is all the decoration that is surrounding the fresco in the painting and besides the monochromatic sculptures at the base that are supporting the fresco. When you look close to the painting you can see that it was done in a one point perspective, the vanishing point and the horizon line run right through the center of the picture and sort of terminate behind the devil central figures heads, and those two are Plato and Aristotle. The vanishing point almost divides the painting into two as its right in the middle of those two figures.The only place that I see a two point perspective being used in this painting is the block of stone on the floor that Michelangelo is leaning on. I also see nearly illusionism giving a sense of space going on as pertaining to the use of one point perspective, through the floors and the coffers and the celling. The use of simulated and actual caryopsis and repetition in these areas also help create some of t hese illusions. There are different elements used, such as line, texture and repetition that helps strengthen Raphaels painting.Overall Raphaels use of warm garbles in most areas of the painting could be looked at symbolically, such as the use of red demonstrating wisdom and power as it is used on the main figures in the painting. The colors in general are light but not too bight to prevent a sense of seriousness in the painting. The warm light is focused more on the people in the back, and shadow is slightly casted upon the figures towards the front. Raphael used chiaroscuro to show underlying body structure in each of the figures and to also show and create depth and shape in the painting. he painting overall has a lot of analogous color schemes going on, with the characters, and the same analogous color scheme going on with the walls, the windows the floors and the back ground in general. But the color scheme in the characters pertaining to the background is complimentary when it comes to certain figures. Overall this is a wonderful piece of art and Raphael did a great job over all of depicting each individual character and brings life into them in the painting.

Management and Organisational Behaviour Qantas

Assignment 3 Management and Organisational Behaviour Prep ard for Dr Retha Wiesner Faculty of Business & equity University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba, Queensland by Student name W. Amal Peiris Student number U1031128 MGT5000 INTRODUCTION Qantas faced the crisis in 2011. However it has commenced in 1990 when it was deregulated the governance through privatization. Culture of Qantas remained idempotent and it operated as a government organization. Since Qantas was a government owned organization its address standstill was non competitive compared to former(a) Airlines.Qantas responded with affordable Jetstar and just alike(p) Virgin Airways, the latter also moved into worldwide flight roadways to provide an alternative to passengers. Since then Qantas set out on a modernization path whilst adapting to the global environment. However its cost base continued to climb. Three unions went on a strike and it resulted in 80,000 passengers being affected, to a greater extent th an 600 flights cancelled and seven transfercraft grounded. The wedge has been felt at both domestically and world(prenominal)ly. On 29 November 2011, Qantas chief executive Alan Joyce do the decision to ground the airlines entire fleet.This fill stranded 68,000 passengers around the world and locked out Qantas employees in response to the protracted industrial dis flummoxe. Since leave-pickingsies consume failed to resolve the dispute within 21 days, went through a binding arbitration. As consequences to the Qantas crisis the main challenges are to rebuilding of trust, restoring good working relationships and rescuing Qantas reputation with its staff, customers, the government and other s progenyholders. CRITICAL DISCUSSION ON THE POWER ISSUES plain FROM THE CASE Power could be define as, the ability to mobilize resources (human and machine) to get things done. * a resource, non an act. It is an ability, a capacity, a potential and it does not have to be used. * something w hich is positive in terms of its output. * conception of personnel which sees it as the means whereby common objectives are accomplishd. * a resource which can be expanded and dual-lane to the mutual bene explosion of all initiateies. Power over refers to the ability of one party to impose its will on another. Power is an essential managerial resource. It is exhibit by the ability to get someone else to do what you want you to do.However, if power holders manipulate and impose such power on someone else to achieve one-on-one objectives rather than common objective, a power issue is arose. Bases of Power Bases of Power refer to what power-holders control that al minors them to manipulate the behavior of others. These are Position power, including ? Reward power power based on the distribution of rewards that others view as valuable. ? Coercive power power that is based on fear. ? Legitimate power and titular means the power a person receives as a result of his or her posit ion in the formal hierarchy of an organization, including process and information power.Personal power including ? in effect(p) power influence wielded as a result of expertise, special skill, or acquaintance. ? Referent power identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits, the power of being likable. As the chief operating officer of Qantas, Alan Joyce possesses the legitimate power and formal bureau. In the assumption baptistry its evident that Alan Joyce has used his power base in several circumstances, those have been critically analyzed bellow The fleet groundingchief operating officer announced the immediateand unprecedented grounding of all Australian domestic and international Qantas flights as a result of the proposed lock-out of the airlines staff in response to continued industrial action against the company. This resulted grounding of 108 planes at 22 airports, domestically and internationally. Further it was estimated to cost $20 mill ion a day. This can been seen as a action taken by the CEO based on the his legitimate power and formal authority, which resulted in addition to the revenue loss a loss of goodwill too.However, one can argue that he made this decision with the best intimacy of the Qantas and but not anything against the unions. In his words he said that All Im concerned about is Qantas. This was not anti-union, this was pro-Qantas Ill make whatever tough decisions are needed in fix to ensure the survival of this great company Actions to minimize cost As further explained in by and by part of this analysis, due to the deregulation of airline industry, management headed by Alan Joyce had to make following decisions to be competitive in terms of cost. Qantas decided to operate with low-cost Jetstar flights. Jetstar capacity is very limited too. * Qantas announced a restructure which will see 1,000 jobs slashed as part of a new emphasis on Asia which would help the management to cut cost and be mo re competitive. However, before making these decisions management did not consult the parties who were going to be impacted. Based on the legitimate power and formal authority management used a top-down approach in terms of these forms. From the side of the employees, they could argue that this approach was not the right approach to lurch.From the other side one can argue that these decisions anyway had to be taken to the survival of Qantas, hence he had done these in good faith. CRITICAL DISCUSSION ON THE CONFLICT ISSUES EVIDENT FROM THE CASE AND HOW THE RESPECTIVE PARTIES HAVE DEALT WITH THE CONFLICT. The crisis which faced Qantas during 2011 is said to have commenced due to the following changes made by the management in Qantas As a result of airline industry started going through a deregulation by the Australian government, by end of 1995, Qantas previously being a government owned organization became a public company which is listed in Australian Stock Exchange.However, as a result previously being a government owned organization, Qantas existing cost base wasnt competitive compared to other global airlines. Hence, management had to take following initiatives. * Qantas decided to operate with low-cost Jetstar flights. Jetstar capacity is very limited too. * Qantas announced a restructure which will see 1,000 jobs slashed as part of a new emphasis on Asia which would help the management to cut cost and be more competitive. As a result of these changes following date issues were arose between management and its employees.Parties Conflict Issues Action Engineers Engineers felt vulnerable for fear their work would be sent overseas and they wanted only limited outsourcing. * They went on strike over pay and conditions. * Later moved to arbitration, describing it as the appropriate outcome for the appropriate time. Baggage and catering Staff Their Concern was for job security system and outsourcing rather than pay. * They went on strike over pay and con ditions Long-haul Pilots To ensure Qantas flights are operated by pilots paid at Qantas rates, not the lower Jetstar rates. The only action Qantas pilots had been taking was inflight announcements about the industrial dispute, as well as the donning of red ties that carry the message Qantas flight, Qantas pilots However, Fair Work Australia FWA industrial umpire managed to bring the disputing parties to the negotiation table. FWA gave 21 days to disputing parties to resolve the dispute. But, within this period parties failed to reach a solution. Hence, FWA brought the dispute between Qantas and three unions to a close through binding arbitration.On the other hand, Unions argued that Qantas has failed to presentation good faith in the negotiations and reaction from Alana Joyce was entirely out of proportion to the issues. CRITICALLY DISCUSS THE LEADERSHIP STYLE OF QANTAS CEO, ALAN JOYCE AS EVIDENT FROM THE CASE AND THE metamorphose MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES THAT HE HAS USED IN DEALIN G WITH THE STRIKE. Leadership agency Its evident from the research made on the Crisis leadership that leaders suffer a central position in crisis through sense making and the viable mental models. In this figure in depth knowledge on the crisis is very much crucial to a leader.In a crisis situation leaders actions are always depends on the leadership style of that particular leader. A leader always makes decisions to cope with the crisis and to change the context in which it occurs in line with his/her leadership style. However, these actions may not always steady and formed towards the tending(p) crisis situation. In the given Qantas case, when the industrial dispute occurred, Alan Joyce as the CEO of Qantas decided to grounding of all Australian domestic and international Qantas flights as a result of the proposed lock-out of the airlines staff.Further, he decided to reimburse accommodation costs for those left stranded by the fleet grounding, and refund those who were expe cted to fly with the airline. Afterward, he expressed his opinion on his actions saying that All Im concerned about is Qantas. This was not anti-union, this was pro-Qantas Ill make whatever tough decisions are needed in order to ensure the survival of this great company Hence, in this situation one could argue that the leadership style of Qantas CEO is authoritarian or Autocratic where workers have low bargaining power.In late 1940s, based on the research made by the University of Michigan it was derived two basic forms of leadership behaviors employee-centered and production-centered. In the employee-centered environment its expected that leaders are sensitive to the employees feelings and emphasizes more on interpersonal relations. In the production-centered environment its expected that leaders are more concerned with spelling out the task requirements and emphasizes more on the technical aspects of the job.When considering the above decision and comment made by the CEO on the i ndustrial dispute, its evident that CEO is authoritarian or Autocratic and relied more on the production-centered behavior. Change management strategies Typically, change initiatives are met by some resistance. In general, resistance is managed best if its recognized early in the change process. This mainly can be done through education, communication, participation and facilitation. In the given case its evident that management of Qantas had used Top-down approach to change.In this approach CEO believed that one-way communication backed by the formal authority of their position is enough to work through the change. However, its evident from the case that this approach is not efficient. Victims argued that Qantas has failed to display good faith in the negotiations and this one-way communication of change process made number of issues in Qantas. E. g. The engineers, felt vulnerable for fear their work would be sent overseas. The pilots union wants to ensure Qantas flights are oper ated by pilots paid at Qantas rates, not the lower Jetstar rates.The Transport Workers Union, which represents baggage handlers and catering staff, wants to restrict work being sent outside Qantas. As a CEO, who plays major role in top management, Alan Joyce does not have a monopoly on expertise, information and inputs. In such situation, two-way communication would have given addition billet to the change management process. Hence, in general it can be concluded that leadership style and change management strategies used by the Alan Joyce are ineffective. THE choice OF QANTAS MAY BE AT STAKE IF THE ISSUES ARENT RESOLVED IN THE FUTURE.IN YOU VIEW, IS A CULTURE CHANGE REQUIRED IN QANTAS? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER BY CRITICALLY DISCUSSING THE CURRENT CULTURE OF QANTAS AND EVALUATING WHETHER A CULTURE CHANGE IS NECESSARY. Although the Qantas and Australian Airlines were merged and Qantas was privatized, As a result of previously being a government owned organization the companys cost base wasnt competitive compared to other global airlines. The culture of Qantas including organizational structure, strategies, and cost base remained unvaried with the changes in Ownership.With the privatization, Qantas could have changed their culture including strategies, and cost base to be in competitive within the airline industry. Autocratic leadership was applied where workers have low bargaining power and there were no proper processes for performance evaluation, health and safety and benefits (Compensation) of employees. Leadership style should be arranged to enhance problem solving, effective decision taking, where performance evaluation, health and safety and benefits (Compensation) of employees is considered.They have failed in dealing with disputes with employees where dispute has had a profound effect on customers, suppliers and other third parties. ascribable to lack of communication Qantas failed to provide adequate notice of anticipated interruptions to normal operati ons. Also Qantas has failed to display good faith in the negotiations. Therefore it is important to implement proper policies for resolving meshs. Dividend has not been paid to the shareholders company since early 2009 and according to CEO there wont be any growth in the short term.Companys cost base is not supportive for make profits and further adding to the pressure on Qantas is the severe competition from Virgin Australia in the domestic market. In a summary, changing culture of Qantas is very important to achieve objectives of rebuilding of trust, restoring good working relationships and rescuing Qantas reputation with its staff, customers, the government and other stakeholders. breathing cultural web Qantas Myths & Stories * Lack of job security * Poor Management employee relation Symbolic Aspects * Top management remote from workers * One way communicationsPower structures * CEO call the shot * Belligerent union * Complaint work force Organization * Top down Mgt hierarchy * Still follow Bureaucratic style * Strong union Control systems * Lack of open honest two way communications & Info sharing The Paradigm * Focus product not heap * Atmosphere of mistrust * Structure, order & stability Rites & Routines * High Safety RECCOMENDATIONS Power As the CEO of Qantas, Alan Joyce possesses the legitimate power and formal authority. In the given case its evident that Alan Joyce has used his power base in several circumstances. E. g. He announced to ground all Australian domestic and international Qantas flights as a result of the proposed lock-out of the airlines staff in response to continued industrial action against the company. * As a result of the deregulation of airline industry, management headed by Alan Joyce took some decisions to be competitive in terms of cost. These decisions resulted rate reductions and voluntary rate redundancies. However, affecting parties were not consulted before making these decisions. Earlier part of this analysis, it was concluded that a power issue is evident from these actions.Alan Joyce could have used his legitimate power and formal authority more acceptable way as his decisions created conflicts between Qantas and unions. This could have been done by way of * Using the power to mobilize resources to get things done efficiently and effectively. * Using the power and politics to achieve common goals of all parties. * Creating friendliness use of flattery, creation of goodwill, acting humble, and being friendly prior to making a decision. * Coalition getting the support of other people in the organization to back up the decision. Bargaining use of negotiation through the exchange of benefits or favours. * Assertiveness use of a direct and forceful approach such as demanding compliance with requests, repeating reminders, ordering individuals to do what is asked, and pointing out that rules require compliance. Conflict management Its evident from the case that the CEO was unable to manage the con flict situation properly. Three unions were not happy about the approach used by the management. As conflict in an organization can be dangerous, CEO could have given more attention to the conflicting issues.All conflicting situations cannot be considered to have negative impacts. There are two sides to a conflict. i. e. constructive side and destructive side. CEO could have identified constructive side of the conflict. It could have offered the management to identify otherwise miss problems and opportunities. Further, it could have helped Qantas to become more innovative in the given issue. Hence, CEO could have understand the issue that causes the disagreement to be in a interrupt position to manage the conflict and use the conflict to the organizations advantage.This could have been done by * Listening carefully to unions to prevent misunderstanding. * Clearing the air with regular meetings that give unions a chance to discuss their grievances. * Offering as much information as possible about the changes to minimize confusion. * Developing conflict management strategies. Leadership CEOs actions against the industrial dispute brought number of conflicts on to the surface. This is mainly because unions were in the opinion that Qantas has failed to display good faith in the negotiations and CEO was totally out of proportion to the issue.However, leaders should play a central role in crisis through sense making and the viable mental models. In this regard CEO could have used an approach like case-based knowledge as it likely to equip a leader with the best basis for problem-solving under crisis conditions. Case-based knowledge appears most applicable in crisis leadership as case-based knowledge is known to be integral to planning and it provides information that is relevant to generating viable responses to the crisis situation.Even though it is unachievable to predict a crisis, as a leader CEO could have taken precautionary actions to prepare for such crisi s. These may include * Cataloguing potential crisis situations * making policies for their prevention * Formulating strategies and tactics for potential crisis * Identifying who will be most affected by the crisis * Devising effective communication channels to those affected to limit the vilify the organizations reputation. Associated change management strategiesIn the given case its evident that management of Qantas had used Top-down approach to change. In this approach CEO believed that one-way communication backed by the formal authority of their position is enough to implement the change. However, its evident from the case that this approach is not effective. or else CEO could have used an approach like shared power and planned change. To minimize the likelihood of resistance one of the best approaches to change is, put strong emphasis on involving all parties affected by the change. Following steps could have been followed by the CEO. Education and communication educate the unions about the change before its implemented and help them to understand the logic of the change. * Participation and involvement Allowing unions to help design and implement the change and allowing them to contribute ideas and advice. * Facilitation and support Actively mind to the complaints and problems of the different categories of staff and providing training in the new ways, helping to overcome performance pressures. * Negotiation and argument Offering incentives to actual or potential resistors. purpose Using covert attempts to influence others. E. g. buying off leaders. * Explicit or implicit coercion At last resort, using force to get people to accept change. Organizational culture * Organizational culture should be change to in conformance with structure to achieve its common goals. * Build strategies in accordance with structure, culture, and HR policy. * Implement proper procedures for resolving industry disputes. * Start by changing peoples behavior. * Decide proper plan for voluntary redundancies. interpose in the cultural communications that is, those things that communicate culture, and try to get people to adopt the new beliefs and values. * Intervene in the hiring and socialization of members. Hire people who would fit in with the desired culture, and teach them the rules, norms and expectations of the organization. * Remove any deviants from the organization. LIST OF REFERENCES University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Business and Law, 2012, MGT5000 Managing organizational behaviour, Study book, University of Southern Queensland, Australia, pp. 20-141. Wood, Zeffane, Fromholtz, Wiesner, Creed, A2010, Organisational Behaviour core concepts and applications, second Australian edn, , John Wiley Sons Australia Ltd, Milton, Qld, Australia. ABC (2011) What is the Qantas dispute all about? http//au. finance. yahoo. com/news/What-Qantas-dispute-abc-2933944078. html? x=0 ABC Updated October 31 Val Gostencnik and John Tuck (2011) vi lessons from Qantas, http//www. corrs. com. au/THINKING/INSIGHTS/SIX-LESSONS-FROM-QANTAS/ http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2011_Qantas_industrial_disputes viewed on 31 May 2012.

Healthcare Reform and Its Impact on the Delivery System

If you are in the wellness interest industry, you have probably comprehend some rumblings somewhat the Health Care Reform of 2010, coolly referred to as Affordable Care represent, or Obama sell. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was enacted by the United States Congress and signed by President Barack Obama. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) became public equity in March 23, 2010. The wellness care reform was enacted with the goals of increasing the eccentric and affordability of health insurance, lowering the uninsured rate by expanding public and private insurance coverage, and reducing the be of healthcare for individuals and the judicature (Frost and Sullivan, 2011). The objurgateeousness is passed by US congress provide universal door to healthcare, control the rising costs of healthcare, regulate the private insurance industry finished online marketplace and improve the quality of healthcare. The purpose is to make healthcare choices more consumers friendly and easier to understand. It is intended to make sweeping changes to healthcare in the United States (White, 2013). The law also requires insurance companies to cover all applicants within smart minimum standards and offer the same rates regardless of pre-existing conditions or sex.Additional reforms leted to reduce costs and improve healthcare outcomes by shifting the corpse towards quality over quantity through add-ond competition, regulation, and incentives to streamline the delivery of healthcare (Monheit, 2010 ). The Congressional cipher Office projected that the ACA giveing lower both future deficits and Medicare spending however upheld the law in promoting strategies and solutions to encourage health care reform that lowers cost, improves quality, and expands access to health care (CBO, 2013).According to U. S Chambers of Commerce, the United States spends $2.7 trillion a year on health care. More than 170 million Americans drive health insurance through volu ntary, employer-sponsored plans. The government was on the hook for $38. 6 trillion in unfunded liabilities for Medicare in 2011 as a result of the entitlements created by the health care reform law (U. S. Chambers of Commerce, 2013). For the purposes of this research, it may be a good idea to have a common understanding of the fresh legislation and Health Care Reform Act.I plan to highlight its impact on the delivery system at Montefiore Medical subject matter, thoroughly discussing its effect on access, cost andquality, with special focus on how the recent legislation and health care reform will affect the health care facility. Montefiore Medical join is a health care facility which is covered by the Health care reform. Health care reform compliance at Montefiore Medical Center is a central concern of their delivery system. The health care reform is a law that needs consecutive regulation. Montefiore Medical Center and other health care facilities much(prenominal) as private clinics, home healthcare providers and small healthcare associated businesses, are in a prime positionto comply with the healthcare reform, and the law must ensure that these healthcare institutes are rigorously controlled, and are in compliance of the affordable care act.The Healthcare reform and all its commissariat are already making the facility find new ways to increase facility efficiency, better manage care and streamline costs (Montefiore. org, 2012). cardinal item the facility is focused on is renovating to cut down on operating expenses because of the impact of the healthcare reform. In a study by Amadeo Kimberly (2013) about access to healthcare on the delivery systemfound that more than 600,000 new young people became insured as of May, taking advantage of the Acts grooming that children up to age 26 could be covered by their parents insurance.Rather than employer-sponsored insurance offering the sole source for guaranteed issue insurance, coverage for preexisting co nditions, and mostly affordable coverage,(Geyam, 2012) many employees may have alternative sources of coverage through expansion of Medicaid eligibility or premium subsidies through the state or national exchanges. A report by economic experts at the Health and Human Services Department (HHS) noted that the healthcare remake will achieve the aim of expanding health insurance adding 34 million Americans to the coverage rolls (HHS, 2013).This shows that on the potential positive side of the health care reform, there would be a continuous increase in access to healthcare. This increases profits for the insurance companies, which should translate to lower premiums, since the new insures pay into the system yet require fewer health run (Kimberly, 2013). Geyam (2012) observed that the healthcare reform will extend insurance coverage by 32 million people by 2019 (including 16 million on Medicaid)Will provide subsidies starting in2014 to help many lower-income people afford coverage wi ll eliminate cost-sharing for many preventive services will provide new funding to increase the capacity of community health centers will put in place some limited reforms of the insurance industry, such as prohibiting exclusions based on pre-existing conditions and banning annual and lifetime limits and will establish a new non-profit Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute charged with assessing the comparative outcomes, effectiveness and appropriateness of different treatments. As a result, millions of previously uninsured people will soon have access to healthcare, causing an increase in the number of potential unhurrieds requesting treatment from healthcare facilities such as Montefiore Medical Center. Healthcare costs are expected to rise 7. 5 percent in 2013, even with healthcare reform, according to a study by Price water house Coopers (2012). The Affordable Care Act focuses more on acquiring people insured than on lowering costs overall, says Jeff Munn, vice presiden t of benefit policy development at Fidelity (2013), But its going to sign a while to see if those provisions work, he says..Another analysis by Barina (2013), also found that the law falls short of the goal of controlling frolic costs, rising projected spending by about 1 percent over 10 years. That increase could get bigger, however, since the report also warned that Medicare cuts in the law may be unrealistic and unsustainable, forcing lawmakers to roll them back (p. 18). The rapidly rising costs of health care keep going up unabated. Under the health care reform, the market still rules on prices. The cost of health care will increase by about 20 percent because of new engine room and new initiatives (Wright, 2010).In addition, analysis by both the Congressional Budget Office and the CMS actuary shows that the health care reform will substantially reduce the federal deficit, only slightly increase national health check spending (despite an enormous expansion in insurance cover age), begin to reduce the growth rate of medical spending, and introduce various new initiatives that may lead to more fundamental reductions in the long-term rate of health care cost growth (CBO & CMS, 2010). The health care reform will not solve our health care cost problems, but it is a historic and cost effective step in the right direction.It will introduce a range of payment and delivery system changes designed to achieve a significant slowing of health care cost growth. Throughout the health care reform debate, consumers and providers alike at Montefiore Medical Center and other healthcare facilities asked how they would be affected by the new law. Given how many types of facilities make up the delivery system, it is likely that the effects of reform will not fix all problems. Any hospitals that have historically provided more care to uninsured patients is likely to gain the most in terms of revenue increases for the mostlyuncompensated care they have been providing to these patients (Berenson and Zuckerman, 2010).The Healthcare providers in the hospital and other healthcare facilities understand that their former ways of doing business are bound to change because of the healthcare reform. As observed by Berenson & Zukerman (2010) the interpolation of new, marginal incentives is designed to move in the direction of rewarding better performance. In this way, there is a modest move in the direction of give for value rather than volume.As indicated by Cutler David (2013), the law begins to change how providers are paid and care is delivered, so thatthey are rewarded not for the volume of services they provide but for the value they offer. Of greatest effect is the expectation that future provider revenues will have less to do with patient volumes and more to do with clinical outcomes, quality and cost efficiency. Most hospitals will likely benefit financially because of the coverage expansions. Providers that get good results for their patients and kee p costs in check stand to be rewarded with performance bonuses, shared savings and other revenue enhancements (Monheit, 2010).Those providersthat fail to do these things can expect financial penalties which will affect revenues and ultimately tarnish a providers credit profile. Accountable care may still be gestational in most areas of the nation, but the concept appears to be taking hold and will eventually replace large portions of our existing fee-for-service system (Berenson & Zukerman, 2010). Moreover, the health care reform will also call for more care to be provided away of the hospitals with specific provisions focusing on increasing the quality of preventative care. This will likely result in a major rise in demand for ambulatory, or outpatient care.At the same time, Montefiore Medical Center and other hospital care facilities will shift a greater focus on full of life care patient. In conclusion, the health care reform, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), commonly called the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or Obamacare, may make some marginal gains in the area of access, cost and quality, but will not remedy all access, cost and quality problems in the health care delivery system. Experts also believe the added demand of the health care reform will mean a major increase in line of business openings within the healthcare industry.Somepredict as many as 250,000 to 400,000 jobs annually over the next ten years as well as an increase in scope and location of available jobs (Katz, 2013). For example, hospitals like Montefiore Medical Center will be staffing more critical care nurses while registered nurses and other patient care positions may have more opportunities at outpatient sites, such as clinics or other non-critical medical facilities. The health care reform changes are right around the corner and subsequently there will likely be a lot of transformation happening in the healthcare delivery system over the next few years.

King Lear and the Analysis of the Family Concept Essay

The issue regarding which is more essential, love and family ties or fame and political motive are issues that are eternally present in every generation. Well, which is really more important that we should devote our lives in search for the more important thing? Is blood really thicker than wet? It is a subjective topic in which persons provoke different experiences and stand active the subject matter. This paper aims to answer this question by referring to the epic receive of William Shakespeare queen regnant Lear. It is similarly important to look at the values and actions displayed by the characters of the stories and to analyze whether they are still applicable in our contemporary time. poove Lear is regarded by many critics as wizard of the vanquish civilises of the arguably greatest writer that has ever lived, the immortal William But despite macrocosm on of the causes last works, King Lear had echoed throughtaboo literary history as one of the best read and stage d play. It has also become a staple fibre material for those who endeavor in literature studies. The success of the text owes much to the themes that the text generates. One of those themes is an issue that the whole world can relate to slightly a family. The socio -cultural nature of the family had amplified significantly the readership of the text as it is being used as a study text by those in the social sciences.Family and fiatFamily is an essential part of the indian lodge. It is a major component in the aspect of social health in the world we live in. The family which includes the parents and children, all play a big role in shaping the beau monde, in maintaining the social health of the place we call home. The family is a means of the propagation of life, wherein because of the family, societies continue to exist. It is because of the parents capability to bear children and raise them to become better sight, thus accounting for a better society.Comparison and Contrast be tween Modern and Shakespearean King Lear FamilyThe innovationale American family has more diverse components non just the typical family members. Often times, the structure of a modern family is greatly influenced with the modern influence brought about by the changing times and ideas. Modern societies are not only characterized with the great influence of technological advances and dependency, but rather in more compound terms, the modern family is subjected to changes in the ideals behind the essence of a modern family image. (Woloch 1997)But unlike in modern families, the aristocratic family of King Lear in Shakespeares work typifies the basic notion of family sputters at that time. The character of King Lear is delivered as a struggling human being eager to win the favour of his children in the most drastic ways he knows best. The intention of the character of King Lear is to do what he thinks is best for his sons and daughters. However, he became so obsessed in power and blinded by his intention to protect his daughters at all costs in the expense of Cordelia.In discerning the true individualism of a modern family, we realize the need to evaluate the changes in the basic unit of structure in the society from Shakespeares time until now. During the early centuries, the family is characterized by only one true virtue it is composed of the father, the m separate and their children. The history behind the family as a model, involves the idea of each roles portrayed by each entity.The father is the repair provider of the family the mother is the one who takes care of the children and the household and the children are there to be nurtured, loved and provided for. But generally these concepts have become the main stereo founts brought into the modern societies.The play has those stereotypes. King Lear is portrayed as a noble aristocrat obsessed with his power. Cordelia is also a pivotal character in King Lear wherein she is seen as a typical good daug hter who always quest fors her father. However, the fool can be put as an allegory of Shakespearean society wherein truth is at its essence of being true.Times change and almost everything in the society changes and has changed. Not just from infrastructure, but also the amount of knowledge shared and experienced by everyone. The concept of family has also changed dramatically. Brought by the women revolution and the emergence of the feminist concept, the country has experienced the women greatly influence the manner in which concepts in the society is changed.(Woloch 1997)The role of women in the society has greatly changed from the stereotyped domesticated females, to the wor poove and productive women of the future.(Kemp & Squires 1997) This is an important phenomenon in history that must be addressed in order to define the concept of changing family image. One notable contribution came from the changed status of women and the achievement of gender equality in the country.Anothe r contributing calculate to the changing views in family image made by the play King Lear is the role portrayed by men in the society. From a patriarchal type of society, King Lear for instance, experience a dramatic change brought about by the change in the status of women.(Woloch 1997) Men in modern times have to compete more and more with women in context of career and including family life. There is a great paradigm shift of roles from the earlier centuries wherein men have the sole right-hand(a) to work for their family. In modern societies, women share equal roles in bringing and managing resources within the household.These events are clearly depicted in both stories of King Lear and Cordelia. Placed in both different contexts, the two characters in the play depicted the changes within the modern family. In the Kings character, the life of a domesticated father is shown albeit part of the aristocracy. The concept of tough love towards Cordelia is present in all acts. Havin g experience what probably most modern fathers are experiencing, Shakespeare effected is that being a domesticated father entails the pattern sympathy for mothers who spends most of the time taking care of the kids. While men busily work to elucidate their monthly income, mothers are entailed with a much greater responsibility in terms of taking care of the children.There is a conflict shown in the endeavor in which the author questions his capacity, as a male figure in the society, to handle such responsibility in the home. While his wife is away, he maintains to struggle between his job as a writer and as an on-hands father. Every domesticated father will realize that it is somehow degrading to realize that he can not do his job or fulfill his professional aspirations in life if he exchanges his role with the wife.There is the internal conflict that lies within the men to question their respective roles in the society and specifically in their own family. Osborne explains the struggles experienced by men in accepting that hard roles that women portray in the society. Once they too have experienced being domesticated, this eventually changes their own perception of their role in the family.Sexual identity and social identity is another main idea in the plays depiction of courtship. In the story, social acceptance has a main role in accepting this kind of modern family. This can be seen over the courting of the Duke of Cornwall towards Cordelia. Over the years, society has witness the growing number of social class relationships that includes a child or the wanting of a child. Many states still is irreconcilable with the issues behind aristocracy. But it is of practice to respect and tolerate the decision by the protagonist in intervention his family.Obstetrics, Family, and Social Health on King Lear Obstetrics is a key in maintaining social health because it deals with a big part in the society the family. A particular concept which can be adapted in t hes paper, Obstetrics makes sure that life propagates, because it takes care of the womens concerns during pregnancy, the formation of a sensitive life, a life that would play a big role in the society. Obstetrics takes care of being able to have children of your own, which is another important broker in the family. A child, the product of the parents love and efforts, completes the societys building block, the family (Nesbitt, 2002). As in the case of the main protagonist in the play, the same concept can be applied since King Lear had a difficult time in handling his children effectively.Comparison of the Concept of Family in other Shakespearean PlaysIn the story of Antigone, Haemon must choose between her love for Antigone and the fame and political power that await him if he obeys his father. In both Antigone and King Lear, the concept of patriarchal obedience is evident. Now Haemon is facing a dilemma because of the conflict between his love and his father. The same choice go es for Antigone for she wants to give her brother the honor of being buried in the right way. Both cases can be traced back to the struggles of Cordelia under his father. However, doing so would mean that she must disobey King Lears order. Disobeying the king does not only take the opportunity to be the princess by marrying the kings son, Haemon, but her own life as intimately. But Antigone and Haemon decided to follow their hearts.In the end, Antigone killed herself. Knowing that his love is death, Haemon also decided to end his life. Thus, their value for their love ones cost them their own lives. However, they still gain the respect and sympathy of the slew of Thebes. It can be said that the actions of Antigone and Haemon are not applicable in our present time. Although there are several movies that portray the same idea, this rarely rule in reality. It is a very rare case in which lovers decided to end their lives since it is impossible for them to be together. They can be co nsidered as martyrs rather than heroes because of the act.Antigone also displays the kind of courage and aim that is greatly needed in our society today. Although she is a womanhood, she defies the odds and even the king for what she believes is right. Adding to the fact that she lives in the period when woman are considered inferior to man. This kind of courage is really needed by the present generation. Not only woman but men as well that have the courage to stand up and are willing to sacrifice their own lives in order to make a change. Today, although woman are judge by our society and are said to be equal to men, there are still some times that they are afraid to speak out and fight for their rights.Also both men and women are sometimes afraid to question some of the things that they find unjust in the society. They are afraid to reflection the consequences and are unwilling to make a change to improve social order. This characteristic is really needed in our society today, the courage to fight for what is right even if the whole society is against us. If only there are those like Antigone that are willing to give it all in order to make a change, Im sure that our society will be a better place to live.On the other hand, King Lear cannot consider himself victorious. His persistence and determination to exercise his power over the people of Thebes had a considerably great cost. Not only had he lost the sympathy of his people not to distinguish the approval of the gods but the life of his daughters and sons as well. His authority blinded him and the result is loosing the persons that he values the most. If our present leaders will demonstrate the same mind and behavior like that of King Lear, the people will surely revolt and take their powers and authority away and give it to someone more deserving and just. The people will surely not tolerate such actions.Whether to choose love and family over fame and political power is really a big decision. You c annot have the best of both worlds. To pursue love means to let go of powers and fame and vise versa. Also we cannot really determine which is important, whether to choose love and family ties over fame and power depends upon the situation. What is important is that we do not only consider our own benefit in making the right decision. Also the stories show that to pursue love and power is not wrong, however living your life to attain just one of them is sure to cost you a lot. In making a decision we should both consider the heart and as well as the mind in order to come up with the right decision.ReferencesAshbee, Edward. American Society Today. sassy York Manchester University Press, 2002.Hertz, Rosanna, and Nancy L. Marshall. Working Families The fault of the American Home. Berkeley University of California Press, 2001.Hutter, Mark. The Changing Family. 3rd ed. Boston Allyn and Bacon, 1998.Kemp, Sandra, and Judith Squires. Feminisms. Oxford Readers. Oxford New York Oxford Uni versity Press, 1997.Woloch, Nancy. Early American Women A Documentary History, 1600-1900. 2nd ed. New York McGraw-Hill, 1997.Wakefield, Thaddeus, and NetLibrary Inc. The Family in Twentieth-Century American Drama. New York P. Lang, 2004.

Being and becoming

In order to be human, not only the idea of criticism upon life is necessary but in emphasizes of the intake of the Socratic method in that reflection and in the course of finding the truth, questions are paired with such reflection. At this level, questioning and reflection are the crest of what it means to be human.Socrates however had somewhat varying views on philosophy that opposed some of what Plato believed. Socrates was a skeptic, as was Plato, and as can be exemplified in the cave metaphor, but Socrates also believed that a person can be convicted of their own beliefs even if they cannot find their pathway of truth.Plato, in contrast, believed that philosophers were the delegates who maintained what was and was not truth, and guide the way to such truth for the crude man. It is not then self-interest that leads a person to happiness, and there is a definite equilibrium between the allowance account of each part of the soul manoeuver by reason, and asceticism. Plato wa s a not a sophist. Without the guidance of moral reason then a state of madhouse would ensue entailing an everyman for himself fiber of attitude.It is a vinegarish debate on whether or not Socrates was a Sophist, he himself vehemently denied it but some of his philosophies correlated with Sophist thinking (i. e. the issues of ethics, and living a acceptable life, each Sophist preoccupations). Morality must then be shown as adhering to individual interests. Plato did not agree with the type of hedonism exhibited by the Sophists, who thought human nature was an extension of the animal world. Instead, Plato states that the nature of man is reason and in this reason exists an organized society constructed by reason.Happiness for the keen man then comes into fruition by governing their more base, animal, desires, which are irrational. This morality is extended into the realm of society because of human interaction. Therefore, if a man is to be the pinnacle of reason, and morality, and happiness, then the society that he lives and associates must then also exhibit such a moral temperance. If then a society is blind by hedonism, or pure desire of self, a man in that society has no hope for personal happiness because of lack of morality, reason, and thus in full succumbing to akrasia.In order to be human, not only the idea of reflection upon life is necessary but in emphasizes of the use of the Socratic method in that reflection and in the course of finding the truth, questions are paired with such reflection. At this level, questioning and reflection are the apex of what it means to be human. Socrates however had some varying views on philosophy that opposed some of what Plato believed. Socrates was a skeptic, as was Plato, and as can be exemplified in the cave metaphor, but Socrates also believed that a person can be convicted of their own beliefs even if they cannot find their pathway of truth.Plato, in contrast, believed that philosophers were the delegates who maintained what was and was not truth, and led the way to such truth for the common man. It is not then self-interest that leads a person to happiness, and there is a definite equilibrium between the allowance of each part of the soul guided by reason, and asceticism. Plato was a not a Sophist. Without the guidance of moral reason then a state of chaos would ensue entailing an everyman for himself type of attitude.It is a bitter debate on whether or not Socrates was a Sophist, he himself vehemently denied it but some of his philosophies correlated with Sophist thinking (i. e. the issues of ethics, and living a good life, each Sophist preoccupations). Work Cited MacDonald, Ross. Socrates versus Plato. Aspects of Education. P9-22. 1996. Plato. Phaedo. Plato. Crito. Translated by Benjamin Jowett. http//classics. mit. edu/Plato/crito. html

Contribution Margin and Break Even Analysis

Many factors abide by into play in determining fear success. One of them is the monetary factor. For a company to set monetary goals it is crucial that its focussing know in detail the growths or services they sale or provide. This is the protrudeline of two different scenarios at Aunt Connies cookys Simulation (University of Phoenix, 2011) and the monetary performance of Jamestown electric car Supply association (Heiter, et. al. 2008). During both depth psychology I applied concepts like determined and multivariate approach, division marge, break- raze detail, indifference point, and operate leverage.Aunt Connies Cookies Scenario SimulationThe Aunt Connies brand grew successfully producing Lemon Creme and Mint cookys. mare Villanueva is the current drumhead executive officer of this family-owned company (University of Phoenix, 2011). She faces critical decisions to make because both the lemon creme and kitty cookies prices maturationd and gross revenue volu me decreased. Maria should apply several accounting concepts to reach her goal of increasing sales and revenue for the company. Some opportunities and challenges lined up for Aunt Connies Cookies like large bulk distinguishs and the buyout of a competitors factory (University of Phoenix, 2011).A confectioner commissioned Aunt Connies Cookies to fill a bulk order of one million packages of the real(a) Mint cookies delivered in one months time. The stipulations of the order weights greatly on the company as the confectioner leave alone only pay $1. 20 per package, which is much cheaper than the mass market selling at $1. 50 per packet. Rejecting the order may seem foolish as Aunt Connies Cookies has the efficiency to produce the order, and could be missing out on a good opportunity if she declines to fill the order (University of Phoenix, 2011).In deciding which cookies production to slim down, Maria took into account the concepts of contribution margin, unit contribution margin , and operating dineros. This decision was necessary to create sufficient capacity to accommodate the mint cookies bulk order. The contribution margin is the marrow of money that remians from the revenue obtained after sales to pay for fixed expenses and to hold to the operating cabbage after deducting variable expenses. Alternatively, the unit contribution margin of each unit sales, in this case each pack of cookies adds to profit.Finally, operating profit is the profit get from a companys core business operations, also known as earnings before interest and revenue enhancement (EBIT). Maria calculated the contribution margin and the unit contribution margin for each type of cookie, headstrong to reduce the production of lemon creme cookies and to add-on the production capacity for the bulk order of real mint cookies. Maria can sell mint cookies at $1. 20 per package, below the selling price of $1. 50 because the real mint cookies provide a greater total contribution margin and that the lemon work out cookies provides a greater unit contribution margin.Maria knew that Aunt Connies Cookies should produce more of the cookies with the greater contribution margin per unit to maximize the shops operating profit. If the scenario changed, and the bulk order was for lemon cookies, Maria would have to hug drug over the order to the confectioner. The unit contribution margin for the lemon cookies is smaller and Maria would have to increase the production capacity to make the same operating profit as for the mint cookies, to the point of spillage beyond the factorys production capacity. Maria faced the opportunity to buy a peanut butter cookie plant.She could use this plant to make more lemon creme cookies because the near-term demand exceeded 600,000 packs. The challenge for Maria is to make a decision about going forward or not with this business (University of Phoenix, 2011). If the new plant has a break-even volume of creme cookies of 650,000 packs, Maria must ensure that Aunt Connies Cookie shop sales the same amount of packs or more. If the business sales less, it will make a loss, if it sells more, it will be a profit. The break-even point in volume is the point where the plants fixed expenses are covered.In the case that Maria considers Aunt Connies Cookie shop cannot sell that much, she may ensure viability of the plant by (1) trying to reduce the fixed costs (e. g. renegotiating rent, reducing telephone bills, insurance, etc. ), (2) trying to reduce variable costs (e. g. purchasing at raze cost the ingredients used to make cookies), or (3) increasing the selling price of the cookies. Any of these strategies can reduce the break-even point in volume. In the worst of the scenarios, Maria should not buy the peanut butter cookie plant. Key Learning Points.During the simulation I applied several concepts such as contribution margin, break-even point, fixed and variable costs, indifference point, and operating leverage. All these co ncepts interrelate and form part of the cost volume profit analysis tool. The application of these concepts by managers help organizations attain good financial performance. Cost volume profit analysis (CVP analysis) is a powerful tool that can help managers in understanding better the kinship that exists among the cost, the volume, and the profit in a business.Managers can make good business decision if they concentrate in trying to understand the interaction that exists among (1) the prices of product or services, (2) the level of activity, (3) the volume of product , (4) the variable cost per unit, (4) the total fixed costs and (5) and the mixture of the product or services. Business decision may be about changes to companys pricing indemnity, selection of a marketing strategy to use, choosing which products to manufacture or services to provide, and even about the acquision of new companies. The break-even point (BEP) is one element of CVP analysis.BEP is the level of output a t which the profit is zero. good fortune even analysis helps managers determine how far sales can decline before their companies start to lose money. The indifference point is the volume at which costs for both labor-intensive operations and equipment intensive operations are equal. When volumes increase, revenues increase. However, the presence of humiliate variable costs per unit in equipment-intensive operations ensures that the operating profits increase more significantly when compared to labor-intensive operations.Equipment-intensive operations have higher fixed costs and lower variable costs per until when compared to labor -intensive operations. Jamestown Electric Supply Company. Jamestown Electric Supply Company has been in business for 45 years. The company designs, manufactures, and delivers electrical supplies in various forms to different type of businesses. Jamestown invested heavily in inquiry and development of automotive electronic technology to provide its cust omers with modern functionality, safety, and performance.Jamestown products have outstanding features that create war-ridden advantage to commodities that customers regard as standard features on all automobiles. Jamestown has hundreds of diverse contracts with different divisions and plants of each of the major automobile manufacturers. Most of the contracts show good gross profit margin on sales, but others do not show acceptable bottom-line profits or show no profit. Although Jamestowns sales, continue to rise, profit declined in the period under analysis from 2003 to 2007 as showed on Exhibit One.Jamestown top managers believe that if sales produce remained positive, the problems with the profit would resolve. Warehousing and shipping managers think that customer service expenses are out of control and causation significant cost increases for the company. Jamestown customer services include overnight delivery of electronic component products, just-in-time document deliverie s to clients plants, warehousing of client parts, special part support services, and many other customer services designed to gain and maintain clients. Exhibit One. Jamestown Electric Supply Company Income Statements for 2003 to 2007.Electric Supply Company financial performance is in jeopardy and top trouble have to change its customer service policy and marketing strategy after carefully analyzing the information obtained after performing a CVP analysis. The focus of the analysis should be in understanding the kinship between product price, volume, per unit variable cost, and the mix of products exchange by Jamestown Electric.Calculating the contribution margin on the products which Jamestown Electric sales will allow management to know more in detail how much each unit sale will contribute to the company profit. Calculating the break-even point will provide information about which products do not run either profit or loss, and about how far sales can decrease before Jamestow n Electric starts to lose money. James Electric product cost structure has a higher percentage of variable costs than in fixed costs, which involves less operating leverage or risk. One of he options management should consider is to closely monitor the variable expenses incurred by customer service in order to increase the company profits.Jamestown Electrical Supply Company management will definitely benefit from setting a regular schedule to analyze contribution margins either monthly or quarterly to track product margin performance more accurately. Conclusion Managers can help their organizations achieve a good financial performance when they apply basic accounting concepts in their business strategic plans. Knowing the existing relationship between these concepts contribute to ensure their organizations financial success.