Was Prince Hamlet Wacko Essay Example For Students

Was Prince Hamlet Wacko? Essay In Shakespeares Hamlet, the main character offers a puzzling and ambiguous persona. Throughout the play, Hamlet often contradicts himself. He seems to balance the virtues of playing a role, with being true to himself. Further proof of these conflicting personas are demonstrated by his actions and inactions. The ambiguity noted here, lies in two conflicting mannerisms displayed by the young Hamlet: One that is perfectly calm and rational; and another which displays madness. These conflicting behaviors are related within Hamlets internal struggle-to kill Claudius for revenge of his fathers murder; or act responsibly, and await further proof of Claudius guilt. Throughout the play, Hamlet teeters on the brink of insanity induced by his actions, or inactions.Hamlets sanity is clarified, in the first act, by statements and feelings expressed within his dialogue. When asked about his depressed appearance and demeanor by Gertrude, Hamlet replies, Seems, madam? Nay, it is. We will write a custom essay on Was Prince Hamlet Wacko? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I know not seems (1037, line 76). This relates the idea that Hamlet is what he appears to be. Later, he clearly makes a statement about his mental health when he commits himself to avenge his fathers murder. This quote allows the reader to follow Hamlets train of thought in regards to his role as student, mourning son, and Prince to the throne:Ill wipe away all trivial fond records, All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past That youth and observation copied there, And thy commandment all alone shall live Within the book and volume of my brain (1054, line 100). Hamlet is stating his utmost commitment to nothing short of revenge of his fathers death. At this juncture in the play, there is little doubt about his state of mind, or intentions. However, the next act belies Hamlets sanity and reason.In act two, Hamlet appears again, although it now becomes apparent he has lost the conviction he demonstrated earlier-to complete his destiny as prescribed by the ghost of his father. During this act, Hamlet spends most of his time reading and talking with Polonius, Guildenstern, Rosencrantz, and the players. Not until the very end of this second act, does Hamlet refer to his filial duty to avenge his father. Instead of carrying out the destiny described by his fathers spirit-role of the vengeful son-Hamlet exhibits insane behaviors. This is illustrated by his statements to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, I know not-lost my mirth, forgone all custom of exercises. .. (1071, line 282). Hamlet then admits he is merely feigning insanity with, I am but mad north-north-west. When the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw (1073, line 350). Admitting he is only acting mad, implies he is secure with his plot. Hamlet also seems to portray a willingness to accept this plight with, .. .for there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so (1070, line 241). In this instance, Hamlet is stating that behavior shapes reality. In act two, Hamlet is again prompted towards vengeance-this time by a poignant speech delivered by one of the players. Hamlet responds to this dialogue with, Whats Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba, That he should weep for her? What would he do Had he motive and cue for passion That I have? (1078, line 515). In this complement to this players acting ability, Hamlet is saying that if he were such an actor he would have killed Claudius by now. Therein, lies the struggle between acting, and actual vengeance, that persists throughout the play until the very end. At this moment, Hamlet avows to avenge his father, I should ha fatted all the region kites With this slaves offal. Bloody, bawdy villain! O, vengeance! What an ass am I! This is most brave, That I, the son of a dear father murdered, Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell. .. (1079, line 535).Again, Hamlet is questioning not only his sanity, but his role in life. He also questions the purpose of his role-madness or vengeful son? He had already pledged revenge, but again acquiesces, Must like a whore unpack my heart with words And fall a-cursing, like a very drab, A scullion! (1079, line 542). Hence, Hamlet (always wanted to say that!), is now berating role playing, although he now realizes he may provide proof of Claudius guilt through role playing by the players. Hamlet then devises a plan to use the players to condemn Claudius via a play, The plays the thing wherein Ill catch the conscience of the King (1080, line 561). Before the play is performed, Hamlet has an intercourse with Ophelia, and offers some prophetic statements, To be, or not to be. .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469 , .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469 .postImageUrl , .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469 , .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469:hover , .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469:visited , .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469:active { border:0!important; } .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469:active , .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469 .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u960a4067c8ea981bb67116d4309f8469:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Starting A Business Essay... Clearly, in this most famous Shakespeare soliloquy, Hamlet displays thoughts of self that questions the worth of living. Moreover, Hamlet recognizes the importance of his affections towards Ophelia, and in regards to Ophelias beauty, Hamlet states That if you be honest and fair, your honesty should admit no discourse to your beauty (1083, line 108). Clearly, Hamlet is saying that indeed, Ophelia can be honest and fair, however; it is virtually impossible to link these two traits, since fairness is an outward trait, while honesty is an inward trait. He further states A, truly, for the power of beauty will sooner transform honesty from what it is to a bawd that the force of honesty can translate beauty into his likeness (1083, line 112).Thus, Hamlet is stating that the inner and outer self cannot be linked, yet acting or role playing, transforms ones inner self to match the exterior show. In this sense, Hamlet would not have any problems taking action, if only he was able to act the part. Hamlet then contradicts himself again when he states God hath given you one face, and you go make yourselves another (1084, line 140). He states that appearance is paramount, but chastises women for changing it. These passages further Hamlets ambiguous nature-he seems to support role playing at one moment, then denounce it the next. It also becomes clear that when Hamlet is in support of role playing, he seems primed for vengeance. While supporting role playing, he says It hath made me mad. I say we will have no more marriages. Those that are married already-all but one-shall live (1084, line 144). The one Hamlet refers to is undoubtedly Claudius-which supports the link of vengeance and role playing. The next scene alludes to similar conflicts, but much more subtly.In this scene, while Hamlet is advising the player on how his lines should be read, he says Suit the action to the word, the word to the action (1086, line 15). If only Hamlet would follow his own advice, would his conflict be subdued. This illustrates the inconsistency within Hamlet, since he maintains separation between word and actions, while advocating that others should not. Hamlet then appraises Horatio for his objectivity and consistency. He also compliments Horatio for being true to himself, not being a role player with, Give me that man That is not passions slave, and I will wear him In my hearts core, ay, in my heart of heart, As I do thee (1088, line 63). At this point, Hamlet has decided he wants Horatio to watch Claudius at the play. Hamlet remains uncertain as to his uncles guilt; moreover, he needs proof. He wants the proof from someone he admires and trusts. Hamlet says to Horatio Observe mine uncle. If his occulted guilt Do not itself unkernnel on one speech, It is a damned ghost we have seen (1088, line 72). The proof that Hamlet requires does not defer from the role that he is supposed to play. It becomes intriguing that Hamlets uncle is to be judged upon how he acts during the play. If Claudius is a consummate actor and does not reveal his guilt, his life will be spared. Yet, Claudius is a poor actor, and when he rises during the play Hamlet reacts with What, frighted with false fire? (1094, line 245). It is as if Hamlet is saying its only a play, it is not real. Hamlet does mention something to this effect with his previous lines Your majesty, and we that have free souls, it touches us not (1093, line 221). This proof drives Hamlet to more words, this time referring to killing, Now I could drink hot blood (1097, line 356). Again, Hamlet associates these actions with that of a role, in this instance, the role of Nero, The soul of Nero enter this firm bosom (1098, line 360). .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba , .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba .postImageUrl , .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba , .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba:hover , .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba:visited , .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba:active { border:0!important; } .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba:active , .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d355df35a031c5556b8ceceba791eba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Isolation Precautions Essay Again later, Hamlet talks himself out of character and does not kill Claudius. He puts it off until later days and states When he is drunk asleep, or in his rage, Or in th incestuous pleasure of his bed, At game a-swearing, or about some act That has no relish of salvation in t-Then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven, And that his soul may be damned and black (1101, line 88). Hamlet is awaiting Claudius to fit the part of the villain. His action is virtually paralyzed whenever something or someone does not fit the part. Hamlet needs his revenge to be dramatic, so that he can finally get into his role and play it out.After Hamlet backs out of killing Claudius, he says to his mother O shame, where is thy blush? (1104, line 85). Here, he is voicing his displeasure for his mother not only marrying his uncle, but for not being true to herself. Again, Hamlet is contradicting himself. He has been-throughout the first two-thirds of this play-ambiguous and untrue to himself. At this juncture, he is still uncertain as to how to proceed. Hamlet is caught in his inner turmoil of acting out his role, and objectivity. Finally, Hamlets thoughts and actions are placed in order, and he makes the decision to uphold the destiny his father had proclaimed. Hamlet makes this momentous decision while watching the soldiers going off to battle, The imminent death of twenty thousand men That for fantasy and a trick of fame, Go to their graves like beds, fight for a plot Whereon the numbers cannot try the cause, Which is not tomb enough and continent To hide the slain? O, from this time forth My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth! (1116, line 62).Hamlet reasons that these soldiers fight and die simply because that is there fate-regardless if the plot of land is insignificant. He realizes what his role is. Hence, he does not falter in his conviction upon his return from England, and fully embraces his role. Upon his confrontation with Laertes, he says This is I, Hamlet the Dane (1138, line 236)meaning the true King of Denmark. This action by Hamlet is appropriate for someone as wronged as he was. In his reaction to Ophelias death, Hamlet again displays behavior that reinforces his role. She was his true love interest, and perhaps loved her more than her brother. This is illustrated by Hamlets statement I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers Could not with all their quantity of love Make up my sum (1139, line 251). Hamlet concedes that he should have loved her, but did not. Had Hamlet truly loved Ophelia, he would not have treated her so harshly. Hamlet is now committed to role playing, and portraying love for her at this time, fits the role.In the remaining scenes of this play, Hamlet is steadfast in his role. He has but moments to relate to Horatio his tale of escape, before he is challenged by Laertes. Hamlet is left without options, in regards to Laertes challenge-he must defend his honor. Hamlet enters this match, but more importantly, accepts the role of his destiny-to kill Claudius, and avenge the death of his father.Survival in this play is based on ones ability to role play. Polonius was unable to adhere to his role of adviser, and attempted to convince Claudius that Hamlet was enamored with his daughter. This led Polonius to spy on Hamlet, and since he was not successful in that venture, it cost him his life. Ophelia obviously was unable to bear the burden of her fathers death, and that her true love was the one who had killed him. This resulted in her obvious delve into insanity, which resulted in her death. Claudius was unable to successfully conceal his guilt, thus Hamlet had the proof he needed to confront him. Yet, the irony of Shakespeares tragedy lies within the main character. If Hamlet had acted as the ghost of his father had initially ordained, no one except Claudius would have perished. Therefore, Hamlet merely verged on the brink of madness-spurned by his quest for the truth, that lies within us all. Was Prince Hamlet Wacko Essay Example For Students Was Prince Hamlet Wacko Essay Essay written by emailprotected In Shakespeares Hamlet, the main character offers a puzzling and ambiguous persona. Throughout the play, Hamlet often contradicts himself. He seems to balance the virtues of playing a role, with being true to himself. Further proof of these conflicting personas are demonstrated by his actions and inactions. The ambiguity noted here, lies in two conflicting mannerisms displayed by the young Hamlet: One that is perfectly calm and rational; and another which displays madness. These conflicting behaviors are related within Hamlets internal struggle-to kill Claudius for revenge of his fathers murder; or act responsibly, and await further proof of Claudius guilt. Throughout the play, Hamlet teeters on the brink of insanity induced by his actions, or inactions. We will write a custom essay on Was Prince Hamlet Wacko specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Hamlets sanity is clarified, in the first act, by statements and feelings expressed within his dialogue. When asked about his depressed appearance and demeanor by Gertrude, Hamlet replies, Seems, madam? Nay, it is. I know not seems (1037, line 76). This relates the idea that Hamlet is what he appears to be. Later, he clearly makes a statement about his mental health when he commits himself to avenge his fathers murder. This quote allows the reader to follow Hamlets train of thought in regards to his role as student, mourning son, and Prince to the throne:Ill wipe away all trivial fond records, All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past That youth and observation copied there, And thy commandment all alone shall live Within the book and volume of my brain (1054, line 100). Hamlet is stating his utmost commitment to nothing short of revenge of his fathers death. At this juncture in the play, there is little doubt about his state of mind, or intentions. However, the next act belie s Hamlets sanity and reason. In act two, Hamlet appears again, although it now becomes apparent he has lost the conviction he demonstrated earlier-to complete his destiny as prescribed by the ghost of his father. During this act, Hamlet spends most of his time reading and talking with Polonius, Guildenstern, Rosencrantz, and the players. Not until the very end of this second act, does Hamlet refer to his filial duty to avenge his father. Instead of carrying out the destiny described by his fathers spirit-role of the vengeful son-Hamlet exhibits insane behaviors. This is illustrated by his statements to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, I know not-lost my mirth, forgone all custom of exercises (1071, line 282). Hamlet then admits he is merely feigning insanity with, I am but mad north-north-west. When the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw (1073, line 350). Admitting he is only acting mad, implies he is secure with his plot. Hamlet also seems to portray a willingness to accept this plight with, for there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so (1070, line 241). In this instance, Hamlet is stating that behavior shapes reality. In act two, Hamlet is again prompted towards vengeance-this time by a poignant speech delivered by one of the players. Hamlet responds to this dialogue with, Whats Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba, That he should weep for her? What would he do Had he motive and cue for passion That I have? (1078, line 515). In this complement to this players acting ability, Hamlet is saying that if he were such an actor he would have killed Claudius by now. Therein, lies the struggle between acting, and actual vengeance, that persists throughout the play until the very end. At this moment, Hamlet avows to avenge his father, I should ha fatted all the region kites With this slaves offal. Bloody, bawdy villain! O, vengeance! What an ass am I! This is most brave, That I, the son of a dear father murdered, Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell (1079, line 535). Again, Hamlet is questioning not only his sanity, but his role in life. He also questions the purpose of his role-madness or vengeful son? He had already pledged revenge, but again acquiesces, Must like a whore unpack my heart with words And fall a-cursing, like a very drab, A scullion! (1079, line 542). Hence, Hamlet (always wanted to say that!), is now berating role playing, although he now realizes he may provide proof of Claudius guilt through role playing by the players. Hamlet then devises a plan to use the players to condemn Claudius via a play, The plays the thing wherein Ill catch the conscience of the King (1080, line 561). Before the play is performed, Hamlet has an intercourse with Ophelia, and offers some prophetic statements, To be, or not to be. Clearly, in this most famous Shakespeare soliloquy, Hamlet displays thoughts of self that questions the worth of living. Moreover, Hamlet recognizes the importance of his affections towards Ophelia, and in regards to Ophelias b eauty, Hamlet states That if you be honest and fair, your honesty should admit no discourse to your beauty (1083, line 108). Clearly, Hamlet is saying that indeed, Ophelia can be honest and fair, however; it is virtually impossible to link these two traits, since fairness is an outward trait, while honesty is an inward trait. He further states A, truly, for the power of beauty will sooner transform honesty from what it is to a bawd that the force of honesty can translate beauty into his likeness (1083, line 112). .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67 , .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67 .postImageUrl , .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67 , .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67:hover , .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67:visited , .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67:active { border:0!important; } .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67:active , .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67 .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04ed2579e18dd4e612c540edb8d07c67:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History of the Atomic Bomb EssayThus, Hamlet is stating that the inner and outer self cannot be linked, yet acting or role playing, transforms ones inner self to match the exterior show. In this sense, Hamlet would not have any problems taking action, if only he was able to act the part. Hamlet then contradicts himself again when he states God hath given you one face, and you go make yourselves another (1084, line 140). He states that appearance is paramount, but chastises women for changing it. These passages further Hamlets ambiguous nature-he seems to support role playing at one moment, then denounce it the next. It also becomes clear that when Hamlet is in support of r ole playing, he seems primed for vengeance. While supporting role playing, he says It hath made me mad. I say we will have no more marriages. Those that are married already-all but one-shall live (1084, line 144). The one Hamlet refers to is undoubtedly Claudius-which supports the link of vengeance and role playing. The next scene alludes to similar conflicts, but much more subtly. In this scene, while Hamlet is advising the player on how his lines should be read, he says Suit the action to the word, the word to the action (1086, line 15). If only Hamlet would follow his own advice, would his conflict be subdued. This illustrates the inconsistency within Hamlet, since he maintains separation between word and actions, while advocating that others should not. Hamlet then appraises Horatio for his objectivity and consistency. He also compliments Horatio for being true to himself, not being a role player with, Give me that man That is not passions slave, and I will wear him In my hearts core, ay, in my heart of heart, As I do thee (1088, line 63). At this point, Hamlet has decided he wants Horatio to watch Claudius at the play. Hamlet remains uncertain as to his uncles guilt; moreover, he needs proof. He wants the proof from someone he admires and trusts. Hamlet says to Horatio Observe mine uncle. If his occulted guilt Do not itself unkernnel on one speech, It is a damned ghost we have seen (1088, line 72). The proof that Hamlet requires does not defer from the role that he is supposed to play. It becomes intriguing that Hamlets uncle is to be judged upon how he acts during the play. If Claudius is a consummate actor and does not reveal his guilt, his life will be spared. Yet, Claudius is a poor actor, and when he rises during the play Hamlet reacts with What, frighted with false fire? (1094, line 245). It is as if Hamlet is saying its only a play, it is not real. Hamlet does mention something to this effect with his previous lines Your majesty, and we that have free souls, it touches us not (1093, line 221). This proof drives Hamlet to more words, this time referring to killing, Now I could drink hot blood (1097, line 356). Again, Hamlet associates these actions with that of a role, in this instance, the role of Nero, The soul of Nero enter this firm bosom (1098, line 360). Again later, Hamlet talks himself out of character and does not kill Claudius. He puts it off until later days an d states When he is drunk asleep, or in his rage, Or in th incestuous pleasure of his bed, At game a-swearing, or about some act That has no relish of salvation in t-Then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven, And that his soul may be damned and black (1101, line 88). Hamlet is awaiting Claudius to fit the part of the villain. His action is virtually paralyzed whenever something or someone does not fit the part. Hamlet needs his revenge to be dramatic, so that he can finally get into his role and play it out. .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3 , .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3 .postImageUrl , .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3 , .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3:hover , .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3:visited , .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3:active { border:0!important; } .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3:active , .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3 .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9f973ebc1dad8e313a995128c4b79ae3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Looking Out The Window EssayAfter Hamlet backs out of killing Claudius, he says to his mother O shame, where is thy blush? (1104, line 85). Here, he is voicing his displeasure for his mother not only marrying his uncle, but for not being true to herself. Again, Hamlet is contradicting himself. He has been-throughout the first two-thirds of this play-ambiguous and untrue to himself. At this juncture, he is still uncertain as to how to proceed. Hamlet is caught in his inner turmoil of acting out his role, and objectivity. Finally, Hamlets thoughts and actions are placed in order, and he makes the decision to uphold the destiny his father had proclaimed. Hamlet makes this mom entous decision while watching the soldiers going off to battle, The imminent death of twenty thousand men That for fantasy and a trick of fame, Go to their graves like beds, fight for a plot Whereon the numbers cannot try the cause, Which is not tomb enough and continent To hide the slain? O, from this time forth My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth! (1116, line 62). Hamlet reasons that these soldiers fight and die simply because that is there fate-regardless if the plot of land is insignificant. He realizes what his role is. Hence, he does not falter in his conviction upon his return from England, and fully embraces his role. Upon his confrontation with Laertes, he says This is I, Hamlet the Dane (1138, line 236)meaning the true King of Denmark. This action by Hamlet is appropriate for someone as wronged as he was. In his reaction to Ophelias death, Hamlet again displays behavior that reinforces his role. She was his true love interest, and perhaps loved her more than her brother. This is illustrated by Hamlets statement I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers Could not with all their quantity of love Make up my sum (1139, line 251). Hamlet concedes that he should have loved her, but did not. Had Hamlet truly loved Ophelia, he would not have treated her so harshly. Hamlet is now committed to role playing, and portraying love for her at this tim e, fits the role. In the remaining scenes of this play, Hamlet is steadfast in his role. He has but moments to relate to Horatio his tale of escape, before he is challenged by Laertes. Hamlet is left without options, in regards to Laertes challenge-he must defend his honor. Hamlet enters this match, but more importantly, accepts the role of his destiny-to kill Claudius, and avenge the death of his father. Survival in this play is based on ones ability to role play. Polonius was unable to adhere to his role of adviser, and attempted to convince Claudius that Hamlet was enamored with his daughter. This led Polonius to spy on Hamlet, and since he was not successful in that venture, it cost him his life. Ophelia obviously was unable to bear the burden of her fathers death, and that her true love was the one who had killed him. This resulted in her obvious delve into insanity, which resulted in her death. Claudius was unable to successfully conceal his guilt, thus Hamlet had the proof he needed to confront him. Yet, the irony of Shakespeares tragedy lies within the main character. If Hamlet had acted as the ghost of his father had initially ordained, no one except Claudius would have perished. Therefore, Hamlet merely verged on the brink of madness-spurned by his quest for the truth, that lies within us all. Bibliography:

Distinction between spontaneous and designed order

There are two worldviews dated back to the eighteenth century in institutional economics. These are ‘topdown’ and ‘bottomup’ views (Easterly, 2008: 95). The topdown view sees institutions as dependent on laws designed by political leaders; thus the name, ‘designed order’. Institutions refer to â€Å"informal constraints and formal rules† (North, 1991: 97).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Distinction between spontaneous and designed order specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The bottomup view sees institutions as originating gradually from the culture and ways of people in society. The written law formalizes the already shaped values ‘spontaneous order’ (Easterly, 2008: 95). Some of the differences between the two orders are the changes in institutions, functions of the economists, global acceptance and the treats that they encounter from economists. Distincti ons and examples of these concepts are explained below. In the designed order the political leaders disregard the old rules and norms and make new ones. For instance, as it was tried in the French revolution whereby the French would disregard the culture, language and style of their colonists and would impose French culture and habits upon them. One of the rules was that the colonists had to speak in French therefore disregarding the indigenous languages of their colonists. They would also impose dressing and eating habits on them. The spontaneous theory on the other hand, views the recent institutions as highly tied up with the earlier ones. Such institutions rely on the previous theories and facts in order to come up with their decisions. Therefore, the change in institutions is gradual in nature (Easterly, 2008: 95). For example, Darwin’s theory of evolution gives an account of evolution of man over time. It relies on climate and change of behaviour to account for developm ent of mankind from the first to the last stages. Under designed order, economists have a problem in determining the best possible institutions to advocate for the political leaders. This happens because they have to use theory to model the institutions afresh.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the spontaneous order, economists can advise only the desirable additional changes to be made while putting in mind the need for limited institutional change so as not to disrupt the functions of the economy (Easterly, 2008: 95). For instance, when during constitutional amendment, careful changes are made so that the original meaning is not distorted. The designed order states that there is one worldwide unique and acceptable set of institutions upon which all the societies are thought of being â€Å"developing†. This means that a common law can be developed by a nation regard ed as a role model and all the other nations are supposed to follow or abide by it. For instance, most of the western countries develop ideologies which are taken up by the developing countries. On the contrary, the spontaneous view sees the societies as being able to evolve different institutions even over a long time (Easterly, 2008: 96). An example is seen whereby many developing countries can make decisions regarding the political leaders to vote for without having to make consultations from the developed countries. According to current research, it has been observed that countries that had their colonizers set up strong property rights many years back (spontaneous order) have higher income levels today than the countries with civil law foundations (designed order). For instance, when Korea split in to North and South Korea, the two countries had similar income levels. The Northerners planned centrally while disregarding any customs while the Southerners depended on property rig hts with a little help from the state. More than 50 years later, the South has per capita income that is ten times more than the North (Henry Miller, 2009: 261). Another difference between spontaneous and designed order is in the manner in which the economists treat the two concepts. For instance, an economist called Hayek treats the market economy as a product of human action while an economist called Eucken treats it as a product of human design. A market economy resulting from human action is created by practices and ways of people over some time (spontaneous). On the other hand, a market economy resulting from human design is a product of political leaders who disregard the already established laws (Labrousse, 2001: 185).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Distinction between spontaneous and designed order specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some economists feel that the orders can be treated as one or they can b e combined. The economists that support combined treatment argue that the two orders support each other such that the existence of the present laws is a result of the evolution of laws over time (Williamson, 1994: 325). For instance, government laws on land possession in Kenya can function best if they are combined with the customary laws. This is because land is owned by ancestors who have passed it over to many generations. In order for the government to keep land records and issue titles, it needs to consult the various inhabitants. Economists that treat the orders separately feel that one order is superior to the other and therefore they cannot be combined. For example, there are economists that feel that spontaneous order is superior because it has its roots from laws and values. Other economists treat the spontaneous order like a law that cannot function on its own. They say that in order for people to know its importance, there has to be a government that oversees and ensures its implementation. For example, conflicts that arose between the English aristocrats and kings led to establishment of a system that enabled English people such as UK, Ireland, Poland and others to enjoy land rights (Holcombe Staley, 2001: 182). However, the government must keep on check to ensure that these land rights are not violated. Contrary, there are economists that argue that designed order only exists because of spontaneous order. They treat it as a product of laws, values and customs that have evolved over time. For example, some laws that are incorporated in to a constitution rely on customary laws. In order to make laws that serve the needs of all citizens it is necessary that law makers meet in order to come up with fair decisions (Hechter Home, 2009: 149). Conclusion In order to achieve new constitutional economics, it is important that economists learn to understand several factors including designed and spontaneous order. Additionally, they need to incorporate ef fects of technology in to their studies (Coase, 1998: 73). Evidently, there are several factors that differentiate the two orders. It has also been observed that many economists treat them differently.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When the economists learn to combine the two worldviews, then new constitutional economics will become a reality. As such, there is no particular order that is superior to the other. Both can be useful in different contexts. References Coase, R. (1998) ‘The New Institutional Economics’. The American Economic Review. 88 (2): 72-73. Easterly, W. (2008) ‘Design and Reform of Institutions in LDCS and Transition Economics’. American Economic Review. 98 (2): 95-96. Hechter, M. Home, C. (2009) Theories of Social Order: A Reader. California: Stanford University Press. Henry, P. Miller, C. (2009) ‘Institutions versus Policies: A Tale of Two Islands’. The American Economic Review. 99 (2): 261-264. Holcombe, R. Staley, S. (2001) Smarter Growth: Market-Based Strategies for Land-Use Planning in the 21st Century. Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. Labrousse, A. (2001) Institutional Economics in France and Germany: German Ordoliberalism Versus the Fr ench Regulation School. Berlin: Springer. North, D. C. (1991) ‘Institutions’. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1): 97-112. Williamson, O. (1994) ‘Visible and Invisible Governance’. The American Economic Review. 84 (2): 323-325. This essay on Distinction between spontaneous and designed order was written and submitted by user Chad D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Health Administrators Role in Healthcare Tort Reform essay

buy custom Health Administrators Role in Healthcare Tort Reform essay Abstract The Obama healthcare plan is expected to occasion far-reaching effects on healthcare practice in the United States. Tort reform within the American healthcare context is perceived as the important missing link to a sound healthcare system that would replace the current order, which is deemed expensive due to the high incidence of litigation-based challenges. Health administrators have different approaches by which they could adjust the envisioned structure particularly with regard to reforms in the medical tort system. This study explores the different opinions and suggestions that have been projected towards the role of health administrators in healthcare Tort Reform. Generally, the suggestions extracted out of the different perspectives are centered on two factors. One is the retention and reinvention of the element of defensive medicine within the framework of reform. The second is the creation of structural systems that would necessitate a review of the tort system in a manner th at would be consistent of the new healthcare operational climate. Changing operational environment The operational environment of health care management in the United States is set to undergo significant changes following the advent of reforms occasioned by Obamas health care plan. The system of medical administration before the Obama bill was perceived to be socially biased against the poor and the unemployed. From the perspective of medics, the structural design of the system was or is fraught with litigation challenges that slow down levels of efficiency in health care administration. Studies have indicated that the insurance dynamics under the old system were largely conditioned by the economic pressures on the market, (Studdert, Mello, Brennan, 2004). The flux nature of the American economic environment often meant that insurance policies would increase at unpredictable levels that in turn brought about significant financial challenges for companies, individuals, and medical administrators. There have been arguments that the new dispensation would go alongside tort reforms given the centrality of litigations as a factor that allegedly drives up the cost of medication. The bigger picture of this operational paradigm was that medical administrations were largely determined by forces beyond the needs of the patients and the professionalism of service providers (Rubin, Joanna, 2007). The envisioned plan, which is supposed to roll out in the next ten years, aims at providing insurance cover for 32 million more Americans who were previously uninsured. Another factor that might determine the effect of this bill on medical administration is that 16 million more Americans will be placed under the government sponsored Medicaid insurance pr ogram (Clinton Obama, 2006). A wide range of scholarly concerns has been brought to bear on the exact dimension of the health care plan on the usual element of litigation in the American health systems. In the old order of medical administration, studies have offered that medical administrators tended to spend significant money and resources in fending off torts occasioned by technical mishaps that were clustered under the concept of professional malpractice (Donald, 2005). Two different opinions have been offered on the future scenario in the field with regard to the element of litigation. The first school of thought suggested by some studies argues that there is a possibility of increased volume of litigations logically drawing from the significantly increased level of clientele. The second school of thought argued that the current levels of litigations would experience marked decrease because the health reforms will abolish the limits under which the medical administrators have strained to operate. This second opinion is largely derived from the fact that the current challenges facing the American health care system is a result of the structural deficits that impede the potential of medical administrators in their effort to provide quality and affordable health care. Litigation has become a central factor in the United States medical system in the sense that it is one of the major factors that doctors look for in the designing of their methodologies (Arlen MacLeod, 2005). The need for new litigation structures There have projections that part of the implementation of these health care reforms will bring into effect the need for the restructuring of the landscape of the legal frameworks that have supported the current levels of litigations within the sector, (Arlen Macleod, 2005). Within the concept of this second consideration, it is expected that there shall be more money to undertake research in the medical field as focus significantly shift from litigation expenses to the provision of quality services. The old order has been that more money, which should have been expended on the pursuit of quality research, was mostly utilized in litigation matters (Jonathan, 2000).Besides, the government under the new plan has projected to undertake increased spending on research and incentives for the medics. This would, in the long run, guarantee quality healthcare to the American public and consequently lower the factor of litigation. The provision of inappropriate medical care under the structures of defensive medicine has been encouraged by the increased dependency on structures outside the medical fraternity to provide medical care for the majority of Americans, (Dubay, Kaestne, Waidmann, 2001). Redeeming the American health care system from the vicissitudes of the economy and litigations will herald a new climate under which medical firms will have the effect of stabilizing the environment in a manner conducive for the provision of professional services to a greater number of Americans. The bill, according to some studies was premised on the ideal of social justice for Americans regardless of their social and economic backgrounds. A broader assessment of these changes is to be observed from the heightened levels of medication that will necessarily follow the successful implementation of this plan. Precisely, there has been continuing debate regarding the possible methodologies that medical practitioners may a dopt for the purposes of shielding themselves from all possible litigations. The envisioned changes in the insurance fraternity are aimed at overhauling the pyramid of service that has traditionally concentrated its focus in limited segments that have been determined by the health status of the clients and their financial stability (Zuckerman, Bovbjerg, Sloan, 1990). This overhaul of the insurance fraternity must ultimately touch off a series of structural adjustment policies in medical administration in order to adjust in the redesigned operational environments. Targeted segments for reform Some of the areas that are likely to be affected include costs of medication, quality of medication, preventive and curative medical services. According to some studies, medical practitioners will approach their services and duties with an aspect of confidence than in past cases in which the clients insurance status was the sole determinant of the kind of treatment that patients would obtain from medics. The overarching goal of the Obama health plan is to put every American under the insurance umbrella. The second goal is to broaden the kind of policies offered by Insurance companies so that there is a wider choice from which the citizenry might choose from, depending on their respective health needs. This will make it possible for the medical administration to adopt policies that are precisely need-oriented rather than cost oriented like it has been practiced in the past (Currie, MacLeod, 2008). Consequently, a need-oriented approach to medical administration will yield more positive impacts on the nationwidehealth status than the prevailing system that locks out needy cases on reasons of costs. It might be argued, as a consequence, that the various kinds of administration approaches would have the overall effect of improving the quality of medical services in the American system. Litigants will seek to ascertain the professional quality of the services they receive so that they seek redress at the most appropriate levels. The Obama plan has expanded the field of engagement between insurance companies and the medical field in a manner that will increase the possibilities of policies for subscription by the American citizens. On the positive side, some scholars have argued that there will be an increased element of honesty as compared to the old system of insurance. This argument is predicated on the fact that doctors in the United States have tended to work within the scope of the insurance policies. The services rendered to patients have, in most cases been tailored in a way that reflects the specifics of the policies subscribed to by the patient. This old trend has often meant that doctors have been hesitant to prescribe or administer tests and treatment that are not within the confines of the policy (Sloan, Shadle, 2009). It is for these reasons that surveys have ascribed the increased rates of professional misconduct among medical practitioners. For instance, there have been reports of medics who prescribed cancer scans for the simple reasons that insurance firms would readily accept them conducted on their patients. The medical operational environment has, therefore, reflected strong symptoms of deterministic methodologies in which the field is defined by the insurance landscape. Researchers have illustrated that levels of efficiency in medical administrative are more positive in fields where the needs for medical care by the administrators determine the kind of insurance s chemes and policies, rather than the other way round as it has often happened in the United States, (Studdert, Yang, Mello, 2004). Scholarly observations that have been projected towards the future scenario for medical practitioners point to the general assessment that the free market systems of medical administration will eventually be replaced by a public funded systems that carry significantly higher safeguards for the health of Americans that in the old order. Surveys in heath care administration have suggested that public funded systems and government regulated medical care systems are relatively more efficient and safer that those largely controlled by the free market dynamics. From this perspective, it has been observed that new health care administration is more human centered that the kind of health care administration that currently exists on the market. The Obama Health Care plan is largely aimed towards the objective of increasing the pool of Americans under insurance. Precisely the plan intends to put all American citizens under the insurance schemes. These health care reforms will provide sufficient safeguards for more Americans to receive higher quality services while enjoying the financial cushioning from a consolidated fund of upfront insurance. Some of the dimensions on which these reforms have been anchored have had to do with the previous challenges that have dominated the US health care administration systems. Studies have shown that the previous systems were increasingly marred by defensive medicine, higher mortality rates, and low incentives for the medical practitioners (Studdert, Yang, Mello, 2004). The systems projected under the new design are largely anchored on the need for a increasing the level of administration of health care administration of Americans regardless of their financial status and the state of their health. There has been a strong element in the insurance regime of the United States where the providers largely sought to move into perceived safer regions. The system was such that the beneficiaries of the health care systems were largely those in the higher brackets of income. Others more targeted were those whose status of health was generally stable and sound. The insurance firms had manifested a marked trend of minimizing the sale of their policies from the perceived high risk sectors of the population such that those who were not permanently employed and those who suffered from chronic of life threatening health complications. On the other hand, studies have found out that these two categories were the ones increasingly under the threat of poor health care services. This is because they were more prone to health challenges that those in the high income status or those with stable status of heath (Danzon, 1984).The heath care program was therefore designed in a manner that would capture these two largely ignored areas of the population. The implication of this is that a new operational environment has emerged in which the health car e practitioners will have to adjust their trends and approaches in the administration of healthy care for these new categories of Americans. Taken together these changes are also expected to bring about far-reaching implications on the status of medical torts that would be experienced. The reason behind a possible change of scenario is the increasing possibility of that more Americans will have sufficient room to seek legal redress in cases where they will fell that their medical rights have been flouted (Arlen, MacLeod, 2005). Logically, an expanded catchment area for the healthcare practitioners will also mean an expanded rate of legal challenges in the field of health care administration. The increased percentage of lawsuits is expected to bring about higher cost implications on the part of health car organizations in a manner that might determine their levels of sustainability, profitability, and proficiency. Studies have observed that the Obama bill is more focused on the welfare of the citizenry at the expense of the health care organizations. In fact most of the criticism that have been brought to bare on the heal th care plan have been centered on the fact that the new systems does not provide the necessary impetus for the health care practitioners to seek new ways or reaching out to the American people. The incentives provided for the medical practitioners, according to these analysts are piecemeal and not sufficient to guarantee increased investment into the sector. In essence, medical administrators will seek out new ways to cushion themselves from the possible adverse effects of the new health care regime. Most of the changes to be expected are likely to emanate from the dimension of costs. The sector will undergo significant changes in a way that would be informed by internal structural adjustment mechanisms for the sake of self-protection (Clinton, Obama, 2006). In essence, the same studies have predicted that medical practitioners will adopt new operational mechanisms that will be aimed towards minimizing the possibilities of torts within their systems. The Obama plan has increased the incentives for the insurance firms to venture into an expanded arena of operation with the express intention of capturing the diverse sectors that were previously ignored in the old system of health care administration. In this respect, there will be increased policies to guard a higher number of Americans against medical malpractice. The structures that support the new design are made in such a way that they lower the threshold of medical malpractice. Studies have shown that the level of torts to be instituted against the medical practitioners will witness a sharp rise owing from the various incentives, (Currie, MacLeod, 2008). Health care administrators will have to adopt new ways in which they will seek to upset the existing challenges by way of minimizing the specter of litigations. The expected scenario is one in which there will be more focus on areas that are relatively less prone to litigation risks in the field of health care administration. In this regard, more American medical health administrators are likely to adopt specific strategies that would shield them from the possibilities of attracting lawsuits. Defensive medicine is one of the strategies that have been used occasionally by medical practitioner to shield themselves from the possibilities of torts,(Currie, MacLeod, 2008). The trend has been an increased use of resources in a disproportionate manner to response to medical cases that would have been sufficiently handled through the utilization of lesser resources. In effect, such tendencies have been responsible for the perceived in-equilibrium in the balance of resources against the social factor in the provision of the medical administration in the United States. It is expected that there will be a likely surge in this areas given that the government will increase its budgetary allocations to shield the medical field in terms of resources. The scepter of defensive medicine is likely to shoot up in the emergent scenario because medical practitioners will endeavor by all convenient means possible to shield themselves from the possibilities of attracting lawsuits to themselves or their facilities. According to some studies, other responses that are likely to follow include increased levels of referrals for undeserving cases. Studies have indicated that medical private firms are likely to adopt more selective approaches through which they will avoid complicated cases that are deemed of higher risk. Health care administrators in the private field may tend to prefer to refer some cases to higher medical facilities particularly government sponsored ones in cases that they may perceive as potentially risky. This approach would reduce the element of r isk since they will have transferred the possibility of the risk to health facilities of higher jurisdiction. From yet another perspective, some studies have argued that medical practitioners are likely to design their services in such a way that they promote more preventive medicine than curative medicine. This, according to these studies, is likely to be a coordinated approach in the sense that insurance policies will equally promote preventive policies as a way of preempting the costs of medical care that might result from the likely increase in the number of applicants. (Currie, MacLeod, 2008). Studies have shown that the administration of preventive medicine is significantly cost-effective than curative health care. Similarly, preventive care is less likely to attract malpractice litigations than curative medical care. Medical administrators would therefore align their policies in favor of preventive policies as a long-term measure of safeguarding the systems against torts. The problem of staffing has also been a significant factor within the element of litigation. This challenge can b e perceived from the perspective that lack of sufficient qualified personnel throughout the United States has created a scenario where less qualified personnel have been charged with the provision of services (Dubay, Kaestne, Waidmann, 2001). The situation is likely to be worsened under the Obama plan because the available medical personnel may not easily accommodate the sudden upsurge of insured patients. The government plan to recruit more medical practitioners may not match the speed with which the new insured individuals will respond to their medical needs. The wider implication of this new structure would be the emergence of disequilibrium between the levels of individuals who require medical attention against the available number of trained medical personal to offer these services. The obvious short term and long-term interventionist measure would be to enlist the services of unqualified or less experienced medical practitioners to handle complicated cases that mat arise out of the scenario. The margin of error in medical malpractice Researchers have pointed out that this same level of disproportional has been to blame to the margins of error that have occurred within the old order. It is precisely these margins of error that result directly to increased levels of litigations. Critics have pointed out that the Obama plan may face implementation challenges because it lacks sufficient safeguards that would shield it against the challenges of implementation. The possibility of increased margin of error would cripple the systems, as the insurance firms for the medical administrators would not manage to handle the significantly higher costs to be involved in the litigations, (Studdert, Yang, Mello, 2004). In this case, the medical practitioners are likely to maintain their old tendency of spending more resources in shielding themselves from the possibility of lawsuits. To accommodate the pressure of work, the medics may equally revert to the old system of prescribing expensive medical treatment with the purpose of ra ising the threshold for litigation in any complicated cases that they face. This would mean that the system reverts to defensive medicine that has been blamed for the poor levels of service delivery in the US health care system. One other approach for medical administrators would be shifting towards areas that are deemed less risky (Zuckerman, Bovbjerg, Sloan, 1990). This is because of factors of discrepancies of remuneration and lack of back up insurance to cover them against torts. In this regard, there would result an imbalance of staffing in some critical areas that are deemed more risky. However, some scholars have argued that it is immaterial to bring on board the aspect of tort reform because it does not constitute a significant percentage of the costs of medical care in the United States. According to some studies, the actual statistics of torts are significantly lower than perceived impressions on the same. These studies have argued that the component of medical liability has remained constant even as the costs of medical care continue to move upwards. Alternative explanations have been sought to bear on the cost factors of healthcare. Some of the reasons of the rise in the cost of medical care have to do with technological factors and processes of social mobility (Studdert, Mello, Brennan, 2004). The first argument has been that the increasing technological sophistication in the field of medical practice has occasioned increased costs in terms of medical care. The technological devices that are enlisted into the field have a high operational and maintenance factor. The second reason that the United States being a rich nation will necessarily have higher costs of medical care than less stable countries. Studies have offered that the health care system of the United States is around 2 trillion dollars (Currie, MacLeod, 2008).On the other hand, the average tort claims per year are around 30 trillion dollars. This means that the percentage of the costs against the fiscal value of the system is around 1.5 percent. The impression created by this percentage is that the litigation factor in the US healthcare system is not significantly sufficient to determine the average costs of the system. Other studies have pointed out that the rate of litigations for professional misconduct has been on a downward trend from a variety of reasons (Arlen, MacLeod, 2005). One reason is that there increased defensive medicine has protected medical administrators from the possible adverse effects of these litigations. In conclusion, it would seem that a variety of dimensions is available for medical administrators to engage with the new health care dispensation brought about by the Obama health care plan. Medical administrators may choose to adopt methods that would increase the quality of services provided to the increased volume of insured beneficiaries. This could be achieved through the utilization of the financial incentives for the purposes of training and specialization in the areas perceived as prone to litigations. Another way is that medical administrators would maintain the old approach of defensive medicine, which of course would be cushioned within the increased levels of spending. Buy custom Health Administrators Role in Healthcare Tort Reform essay

Analysis essay about parental expectations Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis about parental expectations - Essay Example wise, as parental expectations play an essentially vital role in the performance of a child, ridiculously high expectations can result in their failure while low expectations can lead to under confidence. Maintaining too high expectations can also result in social anxiety, stress, depression and many other forms of mental illnesses. Every child has a different learning pace; it could be fast for some while it comes slower to others. Some children may be self sufficient while others could need help guidance and tutoring. It is an accepted fact that every child has a unique learning pace which can be molded and improved with encouragement. This suggests that the same amount expectations cannot be held with every child. That said, parental involvement does make for overall better performance in children than in the case of those whose parents are less involved. Although there are many sides to parenting, studies show that the greatest influence is cast by a single aspect, parental expectations, according to the Harvard Family Research Project (Harvard 2014). In order to provide a child with a healthy home environment, it is essential to love him unconditionally, irrespective of whether or not he is the brightest of the lot. Now the thing that gets in the way of this unconditional love is our sky high expectations (Hudson 2014). An explanation for why parental expectations are so affective on children is that they see themselves, for most of their childhood and even beyond, through their parents’ eyes. Consequently, if a parent believes his child can be a top-dog, that’s what his child will perceive himself to be. On the other hand, if a child has been exposed to derogatory aura at home, he is most likely to accept failure without really trying at all. Similarly, having far greater expectations from your child than his obvious abilities is like expecting a chicken to swim or a cat to fly. The key here is for parents to analyze the situation their child is in

CJUS 310 DB5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CJUS 310 DB5 - Essay Example Community structure and the way it is organized has been assumed to be a recognizable factor when researching on the variation between crime rates and the respective communities from where the juveniles reside. High population density, low degree of attachment to the neighborhood, increased urbanization, and extreme residential mobility may worsen the probability of children to decide to engage in criminal acts. Overcrowded living environs, absence of, or limited natural surveillance, poor housing, and physical deterioration by the immediate population also associate with childhood delinquency minds and conduct disorder. Other related external factors in the community structure like poverty may interrelate with negative community characteristics and as a result produce many financial issues that may make children vulnerable to crime. Weak community bonds may also be a root to the inability to resist the penetration and distribution of drugs among ganged-up children, whose minds may be focused on carrying out criminal offenses to either get finances for the purchase of drugs or are just influenced to engage in acts like robbery and rape (Bursik & Webb,

Boumediene v. Bush Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Boumediene v. Bush - Case Study Example On June 12, 2002, it was ruled by the United States Supreme Court that protection of the United States Constitution was to be provided to the Guantanamo detainees. On November 20 2008, the court ruled that to allow enemy competency to be taken lightly would be inconsistent with the Court’s obligation: the court will grant their petitions and order their release. It was a unique case, and if there were any others, they would be factually alike. Nobody should be got into a false sense and that all of the cases would look like that one. Analysis The Boumediene v. Bush was made in the United States in a civilian court due to Lakhdar Boumedeine at the time he was held captive by the United States in Cuba, at the Guantanamo Bay detention camps. The habeas petition Al Odah v. United States was merged with the case and challenged the authenticity of the detention of Boumedeine at the military base of the United States Naval Station in Guantanamo Bay, together with the Military Commiss ions Act of 2006. The Supreme Court heard the legal arguments on the combined case on December 5th 2007. Lakhdar Boumediene in early January 2002 was held in custody in the United States Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. ... The first habeas case was brought in February 2002 by the Center for Constitutional Rights and counsel on behalf of detainees held at Guantanamo. It had been argued initially by the Bush Administration that the detainees were in a territory with no right of accessing the federal courts. Therefore, they could not challenge whether they had been detained lawfully. Later on, Congress tried to throw out the decision with a series of laws after the United States Supreme Court ruled that the persons in habeas cases could go forward under the federal habeas statute. The laws brought out by congress included the Detainee Treatment Act (2005) and the Military Commissions Act 2006 that made the federal laws to get rid of habeas jurisdiction for any foreigner held in the U.S custody. Amendments made a much more narrowed survey proceeding in the Court of Appeals as a substitute for habeas review for the Columbia District. This was for individuals to test the military’s categorization of t hem as the enemy combatants. The Center for Constitutional Rights argued that the DTA process fell short of habeas and could not be corrected due to violations that occurred during the CSRT at Guantanamo (Transnational Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC), 2007). Taking the extraterritorial application of the constitution to Guantanamo in consideration, the Court adopted a practical approach that it has applied in first cases. Since Guantanamo was outside the sovereign territory of the United States, the constitution did not apply and thus the Court strongly criticized the President and the Congress’ attempt to declare that. In the 2008 U.S. Supreme Court decision which stated that

The role of religion in society | Reflective piece

The role of religion in society | Reflective piece Growing up in a strong Christian household, my parents always emphasized the importance of helping others. My father was a Methodist Minister at three local churches and encouraged my family to take part in the community. He was very active in the Urban Missions Christian Care Center located in Watertown N.Y, participated in Bridge meetings (an alternative to incarceration program), and was also the founder of the Watertown N.Y based Wheels to Work Program. I remember as a young child having my dad come home with the look of pure joy on his face when he gave his first car away to a single mom. I was so amazed how he could literally transform the lives of individuals through his ministry and participation in the community. One of my fondest memories as a child was going to the Urban Mission with my dad on the weekends and just following him around. The Urban Mission offers many great services to individuals in need such as a food pantry, thrift store, critical needs assistance, housin g assistance, and the Christian Care Center, which provides a place of caring and acceptance. It was always wonderful seeing the joy on the recipients faces after receiving such services. My dad definitely set the foundation for my interest in the social work profession. Up until my dad died in 2005, I would often volunteer my time at picnics that my dad hosted for families in need, primarily those with little or no income who were regular visitors at the Christian Care Center. I enjoyed preparing food for the picnics because I knew how much these individuals looked forward to a cooked meal. During the picnic, I loved socializing with teens my age. At first I was uncomfortable because I did not know what to expect from someone whose lifestyle differed so much from mine. But soon I determined that these individuals were not that different from myself. Yes, they were less fortunate than I, some were even homeless, but these girls still had the same aspirations and goals as I did, still enjoyed the same activities, and still needed someone they could relate with. I realized how much of a difference I was making just by looking past our differences and embracing our similarities. From that point I recognized the true importance of treating others with di gnity, regardless of their lifestyle. Eventually, I realized that I, like my dad, had developed a genuine passion for helping others. Upon entering 12th grade, I knew that I wanted to enter the human services profession. I originally wanted to become a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, so I did my undergraduate work in psychology. But I soon realized that the MSW degree was a more effective degree for my career choice. My ultimate goal is to become a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a concentration in Mental Health, and open a private practice. Currently, treatment by LMHCs is not covered by insurance. Therefore, becoming a LCSW is the better option for me because in regards to treatment, I will be able to bill insurance, which will make my services more affordable. In addition, opening a private practice will allow me to be financially flexible with those who do not have insurance. It is extremely important to me to help those with low income and give them the option to take advantage of such services. Inadequate resources is a huge social problem faced by many, primarily those with low income. I feel as though everyone has the potential to improve their overall well-being if the proper resources are available. However, all too often, certain resources such as counseling are not available financially to those with low income. Without these resources, many individuals may not have the chance to reach their highest potential and become productive members of society. That is why I have a passion to enter the Social Work field, and provide beneficial services to those even in the low income population. Another major social problem is that there is a strong stigma attached to mental illness. Many believe that having a mental disorder such as depression is attached to personal weakness. As a result, those suffering from mental illness are sometimes reluctant to seek out treatment. I strongly affirm that it is important for society not to label individuals with mental illness. I personally encourage others not to define people as their illness but to see their illness as just a part of who they are. Thankfully, religious institutions have a role in society in promoting social and economic justice, by providing behavioral guidelines and offering moral support. The Methodist churches that I have been a part of growing up were non-judgmental and worked to provide social equality. As a teen, I was able to experience the diverse community of the congregation at my church. The organist of the church was gay but the congregation did not discriminate against him. Not all churches accept homosexuality, but my dad lived by the rule that you should treat others how you want to be treated. He emphasized the fact that you do not have to support their lifestyle, but you still need to treat them with dignity and respect. He was very accepting, and encouraged our family to be the same way. He always enforced living by the Ten Commandments, which gave our family a solid Judeo-Christian foundation. My dad definitely had an extraordinary influence on how I live my life today. Religion was and stil l is an important aspect of my family, and these values have continued with me throughout my adult life. I strongly believe that my solid family and religious foundation has enabled me to acquire characteristics, which will help me succeed in the Social Work field. One characteristic I am blessed with is empathy. I am able to understand others emotions and feelings and convey my understanding of how they are feeling. My parents always said when I was younger, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“How would you feel if you were in his/her shoes?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  I often think of that statement, and I do put myself in others shoes and I am able to understand what others are feeling. In regards to counseling, I believe empathy is an important characteristic because it allows the client to feel heard and understood. Empathy will help me as a counselor to connect with my clients. I also believe that I have exceptional communication skills. One strong component of communication that I often demonstrate is active listening. I believe this will be beneficial in a counseling setting because it will allow me to interpre t what the client is saying and as a result will enable me to deliver a beneficial response. Most importantly, active listening is important in the counseling setting because it will enable the client to develop trust and respect for me as their counselor. Aside from my strengths, I also have areas in which I need to grow and change. One weakness of mine is that I often find it difficult to establish boundaries. I believe that being able to set up boundaries in the Social Work profession, especially counseling is critical. My main problem is not being able to say no to individuals. I feel as though if I say no to people, they will be disappointed and I therefore, will experience a strong sense of guilt. However, with the direct practice offered at Roberts Wesleyan College, I believe I can transform my weaknesses and learn effective ways of setting up boundaries. I believe that the ability to set boundaries relies on self-confidence. At Roberts Wesleyan College, I know I will be able to develop a stronger sense of self-confidence through the compassionate and supportive environment. Based on the Christian context offered at Roberts, I trust that my weaknesses will be accepted and my strengths will be recognized which will ultimately lea d to my growth and development. Overall, Im convinced that the MSW program offered at Roberts Wesleyan College is the best program for me. I believe aside from my determination, my current GPA reflects my ability to succeed. My grades have placed me on the Presidents list for the last two semesters here at Potsdam. I know that graduate level work will be challenging, but with my motivation and determination I have faith that I can succeed. I am determined to get accepted into the best MSW program, which I believe is offered at Roberts Wesleyan College. Education and religion have always been important to my family and I. I know that my dad would truly be proud to have a daughter attending Roberts Wesleyan College, which offers a solid education foundation along with a Christian context. I know this is the best college for me and will ultimately allow me to achieve to my fullest potential and improve my overall well-being.